.THE OX AND THE DAIRY. 239 



Loss of cud is often produced by an accumulation of dry or 

 noxious vegetable matter between the foliations of the third 

 stomach or manyplus, and to this affection we shall at once 

 proceed. 



RETENTION OF FOOD IN THE MANYPLUS, CALLED CLUE, OR 

 FARDEL-BOUND. 



We have described the manyplus as a sac provided internally, 

 with numerous foliations or duplications of its articular lining, 

 covered with multitudes of rough or hardened papillae. In 

 this stomach the food undergoes its last preparation for the 

 abomasum, or true digesting stomach : it is situated between 

 the liver and the right sac of the rumen, so that, when over- 

 distended, it will press upon the former. Not unfrequently it 

 may prove an obstruction to the return of blood to the heart. 



As dissection after death proves, there are few severe dis- 

 eases, especially of an inflammatory nature, as catarrh, en- 

 teritis, pleuritis, fever, &c., in which the manyplus is not 

 affected ; generally it contains between its duplicatures layers 

 of comminuted vegetable matters tightly pressed, and as dry 

 as hardened oatcake. At other times it is full of a soft pul- 

 taceous mass, emitting a putrescent arid most disgusting 

 odour. In both these cases no nutrient matter passes into 

 the abomasum, the door of communication being blocked up. 

 Sometimes the duplicatures of the manyplus are found to be 

 gangrenous, and the abomasum in a state of high inflam- 

 mation. 



But it is not only from sympathetic inflammation, and con- 

 sequent loss of function, that the manyplus is liable to suffer; 

 it is often the seat of original disease, sometimes slow or 

 chronic in its course, sometimes rapidly terminating in death. 



The causes of this disease are obscure. It has been at- 

 tributed to acrid plants ; to a sudden change of diet, as from 

 green fodder to hay, especially if bad ; to coarse and fibrous 

 food, whether green or dry. Sometimes it rages in certain 

 districts, and produces great mortality. 



As the causes are obscure, so are the symptoms. Oases 

 have occurred in which the dried food must have been lying 

 in the manyplus for several weeks (as was proved by the 

 nature of the food) without materially affecting the animal's 

 health. At other times an animal, previously in perfect 

 vigour, is suddenly taken ill, and, in spite of all that can be 

 done, falls and dies. 



