LOSSES DURING PRESSING. 123 



According to Bartz, one loses about 0.28 per cent, of the pro- losses during 

 teid substances passing out in the sweet water of the cossette pressing, 

 presses, when one obtains for the total weight of the beets 

 worked 50 per cent, of pressed cossettes, which is about an 

 average. 



Maercker, however, declares that this loss is very much less. 

 He has pressed the cossettes so that they are reduced to 18.41 

 per cent, of their original weight and, notwithstanding this ex- 

 cessive pressure, there does not remain in the sweet water run- 

 ning off more than 3.35 per cent, of the total dry substances. 



On the other hand, Stammer declares that this loss is very 

 much greater, even when submitted to less pressure, and that 

 the weight of cossettes is reduced to 38 per cent, with a conse- 

 quent loss of 5.5 per cent, of dry substances in the sweet water 

 forced out from the residuum. 



The essential reason for this diversity of data may be ex- 

 plained by the composition of the cossettes submitted to pres- 

 sure. The more complete their exhaustion during diffusion 

 the less will be the loss of dry substance during subsequent 

 preparing. 



It is interesting to note that in the experiments of Stammer, 

 it has been demonstrated that the loss of saline substances in 

 the sweet water is 32 per cent., while for albumen and extract- 

 ible substances the loss is only about 12 per cent, of the total 

 original quantity. 



This same authority declares that the actual loss of nitro- 

 genous substances during preparation was not more than 0.03 

 to 0.04 per cent, of the weight of the beets handled; further- 

 more, that before preparing, there was 7.4 per cent, albumen 

 in 100 parts dry matter contained in the cossettes, and after- 

 wards the percentage was reduced to 6.56 per cent. 



Classen has also found that this loss is considerable. He has 

 pointed out that even with a slight pressure the losses of nitro- 

 genous substances reach 7 per cent., and the non-nitrogenous 

 9 per cent. On the other hand, by excessive pressure, the loss 

 is 10 per cent, of nitrogenous, and 15.04 of the non-nitrogenous 

 substances. He, therefore, justly finds that these are no longer 

 insignificant quantities that may be overlooked. Happily, the 



