334 FEEDING WITH SUGAR BEETS, SUGAK, ETC. 



tissue of plants in general. Linen that has been frequently washed and is old, 

 is made up of almost pure cellulose. The digestibility of this product was for 

 a long time refuted, but it is now proved that it undergoes a decided fermenta- 

 tion in the paunch of ruminants. During this period, there is formed 33.5 

 carbonic acid, 5.7 protocarbide of hydrogen, 33.6 acetic acid, and 33.6 butyric 

 acid. If one make allowance for the nourishing value of acetic and butyric 

 acids, it may be concluded that cellulose has a decided nutritive value, and 

 some say that 50 per cent, of the weight may be considered digestible. To 

 determine the insoluble cellulose percentage in a fodder, it is customary in 

 most laboratories to finely divide the product, and to subsequently boil with 

 dilute acid and alkali, this to be thoroughly washed in alcohol and ether; 

 there remains a certain percentage of albuminoids which must be deducted, 

 and what remains is called crude fibre. (See Digestibility. ) 



Centigrade degrees are equal to 5.9 Fahrenheit degrees, to which 

 are added 32 in converting a Centigrade into a Fahrenheit reading. 



Cereal wastes include bran, wheat middlings, etc. 



Chlorids. Hydrochloric acid combines with alkalies to form chlorids. 



Chlorophyl is the coloring substance contained in all green plants ; 

 through its agency carbohydrates are formed. 



Chyle is a whitish fluid, accumulated during digestion, and which, when 

 allowed to stand, separates and becomes a substance very like serum. 



ClOTers offer certain advantages over grasses and hay for they contain 

 nearly twice as much protein as the latter; in other respects the composition 

 is about the same. There are many varieties of clover, the most desirable 

 being the white clover. 



Coagulate. To coagulate means the formation of a coagulum or clot. 



Coefficient of digestibility and nutritive relations. 

 Upon general principles it may be admitted that the value of a ration depends 

 upon its digestibility. 



Wolff, many years since, demonstrated that there is a relation between the 

 amount digested and the actual composition of a fodder. Whatever be the 

 formulae given, it must not be forgotten that they are only approximate and 

 are to be accepted only as guides in the feeding. There are too many factors 

 in the problem of cattle-feeding to permit a combination that would apply to 

 all cases that might occur. If the more salient ones only are considered, 

 these are more than counterbalanced by those whose influence upon the 

 general laws relating to assimilation there can be no possible means of 

 determining. The problem as it stands consequently consists of a practical 

 and theoretical side, the one based upon observation of the chemist in his 

 laboratory, the other being the results obtained by the breeder on the farm. 

 The farmer has his capital at stake and he is the one to suffer when mistakes 

 are made. Consequently, there can be no doubt that practical observation 

 upon cattle-feeding, which may differ with each individual, has a money value 

 very much greater than is possible to obtain by adhering to any theoretical 



