362 FEEDING WITH SUGAR BEETS, SUGAR, ETC. 



Nitrogenous feeding- stuffs. Classification. 



A. By-products subsequent to the extraction of oil or starch. 



B. By-products from the manufacture of flour, such as wheat bran. 



C. Several kinds of seeds. 



D. Green and dried leguminous fodders. 



Nutrition and excretion. It is through the blood that all nutri- 

 tion of the body is affected, and when it does not circulate, complications are 

 sure to follow. All transformations of the body are formed and renewed by 

 the blood. In all these modifications, the real action of respiration must 

 never be overlooked; consequently pure air is also a most important question, 

 as without it the burning of the carbon is not satisfactorily accomplished, and 

 the heat of the body not maintained. The element carbon must also be fur- 

 nished in sufficient quantities; this cannot be done through protein substances 

 alone, but to them carbohydrates must be added, otherwise death is sure to 

 follow. While water is an important question it need not, upon general 

 principles, give much anxiety, because it may generally be had in sufficient 

 quantities. 



Nutritive substances, as they first enter the blood, are not in a condition to 

 be entirely assimilated; they must undergo certain changes. Protein sub- 

 stances that at first do not coagulate, later, when acted upon by the various 

 secretions of the stomach, become albumin and fibrin, both of which coagu- 

 late. Fatty substances are no longer discernible; they are almost entirely dis- 

 solved and completely combined with alkalies as previously explained. The 

 role of the fat in the blood varies as the occasion demands. 



Every motion of the body means a certain wear and tear, which is directly 

 proportional to the effort. The worn out tissues are replaced by new ones 

 through the intervention of the blood, due to the combined process of digestion 

 and assimilation. If the animal is growing, allowance must be made, not only 

 for waste, but also for new flesh and bones formed. 



The nutritive substances, after being absorbed from the intestinal canal, 

 soon undergo changes owing to their combination with oxygen, the used por- 

 tions being consequently thrown out in an oxydized condition. This and like 

 interchanges represent the actual vital phenomenon that occurs when heat is 

 evolved or flesh and fat formed. During circulation the oxygen of the air 

 comes in contact with the carbon of the blood to form carbonic acid. The 

 amount of gas formed and carbon consumed may be accurately determined. 

 During the continuance of circulation, the globules themselves carry oxygen 

 through the body. An interesting comparison has been made between the 

 blood circulation of the body, and a river with its tributaries, upon which float 

 boats moving in different directions. On the one hand we have these small 

 boats or globules chaiged with oxygen floating in albumin, on the other hand 

 the corpuscles floating in the opposite direction carrying carbonic acid, the 

 result of the combination of oxygen with the carbon. During sleep the 

 exportation, so to speak, of carbonic acid lessens, but the importations of 

 oxygen increase, under which circumstances there is a certain amount that is 



