370 FEEDING WITH SUGAR BEETS, SUGAR, ETC. 



drawing upon its reserve force, which always means a considerable reduction 

 in weight, and a reaction is then to be dreaded. 



Potassic salts. Fodders in general contain these salts in sufficient 

 quantities; hence they need not be added to the ration. 



Pressed COSSettes. After the beet slices have been sufficiently ex- 

 hausted of their sugar in the diffusion battery, they are emptied from the 

 bottom of the diffusors, and as they contain an excess of water, which would 

 render their handling most difficult, this is very considerably eliminated by 

 running the residuum through special presses, known as cossette presses. 



Proteids. This is a general term given to the albumin and albuminoids 

 entering the composition of feeds or the organism. There are many sub- 

 divisions of these substances, such as egg albumin, serum albumin, etc. 



Pulps is another name for diffusion residuum cossettes. The term is very 

 generally used, and may be accepted. However, a pulp obtained from beets 

 exists only in beet distilleries, where, after fermentation, the final residuum is 

 an actual pulp. When hydraulic pressing was in vogue, the beet residuum 

 was a pulp in the true sense of the word, but now the final product, after leav- 

 ing the presses, has a certain tenacity, and is not soft and pulp-like. 



Radiation. The emission of rays of light or heat; to shine. 



Ration. The daily allowance of food for an animal must be made up of 

 nitrogenous, non-nitrogenous and mineral substances. While most fodders, 

 either dry or green, contain these in varied proportions, they seldom, when 

 considered alone, constitute what might be termed a complete food, meeting 

 the daily requisites. In order to maintain an animal in a good healthy con- 

 dition, several fodders must always be combined to make up the ration. 

 Practical experience shows what these combinations should be. 



Reeticulum. This is the second stomach of ruminants. 



Rennet or Al>omasom. This is the fourth stomach of ruminants, in 

 which take place the processes relating to digestion. 



Residuum. After an operation having in view the extraction of one 

 substance from another, there remains a residuum. In the extraction of sugar 

 from beet slices, there remain the cossettes, which are known as residuum 

 cossettes. There are various other residuums left in beet sugar factories, such 

 as filter press residuums, also termed filter press scums, and there is also the 

 water residuum from various appliances. 



Roughage is the coarse portions of a ration, such as hay, corn, fodder, 

 silage, straw, etc. 



Ruminants. The animals that chew a cud are known as ruminants. 

 The stomachs of the leading members of the group have four separate divisions. 



Saliva is a secretion from the glands of the mouth. It not only moistens 

 foods, but in an important measure helps in the subsequent digestion. 



Saccharose is another name for cane sugar. 



