INSECTS. 21 



this matter have been arrived at from observations made 

 on three different crops of radishes, and here, to be the 

 better understood, I will say I believe the Cabbage Mag- 

 got and the Radish Maggot to be one and the same. 



A few years ago I sowed three pieces of land with the 

 White Summer Radish, one on land manured with stable 

 manure at the time of sowing, the next without manure, 

 where a liberal application had been made the previous 

 year, and the other without manure, but on one end of 

 the land a heap of stable-manure had lain during the 

 winter, and was removed to adjacent land for an early 

 crop. The radishes on the first piece were mostly mag- 

 got-eaten ; those on the second were not affected in the 

 least, nor yet were those on the third bed, except where the 

 manure heap had been. The theory that hog-manure 

 will produce club-root is not entirely unfounded ; for, 

 while it may not be the immediate cause, yet no doubt, 

 from its nature, it is the most attractive to the fly in seek- 

 ing a place to deposit her eggs, and by it more are carried 

 to the ground than in horse or cow manure. I firmly 

 believe that much depends on the previous treatment of 

 manure, such as heating, turning, etc. (by which the eggs 

 may be destroyed), for the prevention of club-root. 



Shell-lime is an effectual preventive, and about Newark, 

 N. J., market-gardeners apply it heavily once in about 

 five years with good results. 



Undoubtedly the maggots are killed by it before they 

 can begin the work of destruction. Where lime can not 

 be had conveniently, and even where it can, I advise put- 

 ting the manure, especially that intended for cabbages 

 and cauliflower, into a large heap, letting it heat, and 

 occasionally working it over to prevent scorching. 



Henderson advises bone-flour as a remedy for club-root. 

 One thing is certain, if my view is correct ; we have in 

 this valuable fertilizer the best substitute for stable- 



