28 FARM-GARDENING AND SEED-GROWING. 



and front. Directions for using are given under the 

 head of such vegetables as are grown in this manner. 



TOOLS AND THEIR USES. 



The tools required in gardening and seed-growing are 

 quite numerous. 



Various patterns of different kinds have been invented, 

 some improvements on the old style, but many of no prac- 

 tical value. I shall avoid as much as possible recommend- 

 ing any particular pattern of either tool of which I make 

 mention, but leave the selection to the judgment of those 

 who may have occasion to use them ; because what suits one 

 may not suit another. 



Plow. Use a plow which will positively invert, that is, 

 completely turn over the soil. Take a narrow furrow, and 

 while it is important to plow deep, yet it is not expedient 

 to do so until the land is made comparatively rich. Plow 

 five or six inches deep, following with the subsoil plow to a 

 depth of six inches more. At the next plowing run the sur- 

 face plow deeper, and so continue each time until a depth of 

 ten inches or more is attained, frequently applying 

 manure, without which deep plowing is injurious, but with 

 it vastly beneficial. 



Subsoiling may be done frequently with good results, 

 and the depth increased gradually to eighteen inches. 



Harrow. The most suitable harrow is made square, 

 about five and a half feet either way, with four cross- 

 pieces, which, with the front and back, each contain al- 

 ternately eight and seven teeth, nine inches apart, 

 set diagonally, so as to cut four and a half inches. 



The teeth should be made of one-inch square iron, 

 pointed and hardened, and the points should project eight 

 inches and the heads one inch. 



The ground should be twice gone over, then reverse 



