TUENIPS. 147 



of which was manured with stable manure, and the other 

 two with bone-flour. The former were quite uneven and 

 worm-eaten, while the latter were smooth and fine, and 

 every way superior to the others. The land should be 

 plowed and thoroughly harrowed, to reduce all lumps, 

 aud the surface smoothed by the back of the harrow. 



Sowing and Cultivation, When the flat varieties are 

 grown early, for bunching, they had better be sown thin, 

 in shallow drills, fifteen inches apart, push-hoed when well 

 up, thinned to four inches apart, and afterwards have a 

 deep hoeing. 



Sow very early in the spring, using two pounds of seed 

 to the acre. 



When these or the Stone varieties are grown late for 

 peed or winter marketing, sow the latter part of August, 

 broadcast, one pound of seed to the acre, and harrow 

 over lightly. The Russia or Ruta-Baga should be sown 

 the middle of July, in drills thirty inches apart, to be 

 worked with cultivator, or twenty inches and worked with 

 a hoe, using one and a half to two pounds of seed to the 

 acre. In either case they must be thinned to six or eight 

 inches apart when fairly up, and the soil occasionally 

 stirred. 



These are liable to be attacked when young by the 

 " cabbage or turnip flea," in which case the plants must 

 be sprinkled with lime-dust early in the morning. One 

 or two applications will free them from these pests. 



Marketing, Early turnips are marketable when about 

 two inches in diameter. They can be pulled, a part of the 

 leaves and the tap-root cut away, washed, tied in bunches 

 of five to seven, and a part of the tops may be shorn off. 



They may be shipped in well-ventilated barrels or 

 boxes. The dry roots should be marketed in barrels or in 

 bulk, and when kept over winter, the sprouts must be cut 

 off, but they must not be washed. 



