I lO 



THE TWO-TOED ARTIODACTYLA. 



and without individuality. Further, we know 

 sheep only as numbers of a herd which acts 

 in a mass under the direction of a foreign 

 will, blindly following the movements of 

 whatever leader happens to be selected, 

 whether a male of their own species, a dog, 



or a man. The wild sheep is quite different 

 from this; it is intelligent, when young full 

 of spirit and sportiveness, when full-grown 

 courageous. It climbs and leaps well, and is 

 an untiring runner; no mountain slope is too 

 steep for it, no peak inaccessible. As in- 



Kig. i86. — The Barbary Wild Sheep or Ami (Ovis tragelaphus). 



habitants of the lofty naked parts of mountain 

 chains, the sheep behave altogether like goats, 

 except that in them the social tendencies are 

 more highly developed, since they very 

 readily collect into considerable troops, and 

 are easily led by their watchful and careful 

 leaders. They likewise become very easily 

 attached to man ; yet, while other animals 

 have advanced in the development of their 

 capacities by association with man, the sheep, 

 cattle, and to a certain extent also goats, have 

 in that way lost their intellectual and in- 

 dividual qualities, inasmuch as they have 

 become in the hands of their master merely 

 means for the production of flesh, milk, and 

 wool. 



The Barbary Wild Sheep, the Arni of the 



Arabs {Ovis tragelaphus), fig. i86, is an essen- 

 tially African type, characteristic of the high 

 chains on the south of the Mediterranean. It 

 approaches most nearly to the ibex in respect 

 of its straight forehead, thick-set body, thick 

 and simply curved horns, with numerous but 

 only slightly prominent rings, and by the 

 absence of tear-pits. It possesses, however, 

 interdigital glands. It is a large animal, 

 which is found only in the most desolate 

 tracts of the Atlas and the Aures, where it is 

 hunted with infinite labour and even danger, 

 for the old males, which attain a height of 

 upwards of three feet at the shoulders, will 

 attack man without hesitation. The male is 

 distinguished by the possession of very long 

 hair in front, where it hangs down to the 



