23° 



GLOSSARY. 



Fig. 31. — Skull of Rhinoceros. Observe tlic prominent 

 nasal \»a.) to support the horn or horns, z.a. Zygomatic 

 arch. 



NOCTURNAL (LaL nocturnus, belonging to the 

 night). Active by night, and resting by day; opposed to 

 Diurnal. 



NUCH.\L (Low Lat nucha, the nape of the neck). 

 Pertaining to the nape of the neck. 



OCCIPITAL Pertaining to the occiput or back part 

 of the head. — Occipital bone, the bone at the back of the 

 head. See fig. 39. 



OCCIPUT (Lat.). The back part of the head. 



CESOPHAGUS (Gr. oisophagos). The gullet; the 

 tube leading from the mouth to the stomach. 



OLFAC- 

 TORY (Lat. 

 ol/acio, olfac- 

 titm, to smell). 

 Pertaining to 

 the sense of 

 smell. — Olfac- 

 tory lobes, two 

 lobes or seg 

 ments of the 

 brain in which 

 the nerves of 

 smell have 

 their origia 

 See fig. II. 



OMASUM (Lat, bullock's tripe). Same as Liber. 



ONTOGENETIC (Gr. onta, beings, and genesis, genera- 

 tion). Pertaining to the development of the individual: 

 distinguished from Phylogenetic. See DEVELaPMENT. 



OPPOSABLE. As applied to the first digit of the 

 fore- or hind-foot, capable of having the fleshy part on the 

 fore or under surface placed in contact with the corres- 

 ponding part of the other digits of the same extremity. 



ORBIT (Lat. orbita, a circuit). The bony ring or 

 socket in which the eye is set. It is said to be closed 

 when cup-shaped as in man; complete when consisting 

 of an entire ring though open behind, as in the lemurs; 

 and incomplete when there is not an entire ring of bone, 

 as in the Carnivora. See fig. 24. 



ORBITAL. Pertaining to the orbit. 



ORIGINAL. In evolutionary language, first in the 

 course of development ; also, present in or pertaining to 

 a primitive type. 



OSTEOLOGICAL (Gr. osteon, a bone, and logos, dis- 

 course). Pertaining to osteology or the science which 

 treats of the bones; pertaining to the bones of the body 

 and their arrangement. 



OVARY (Lat. ovarium). The organ in the female 

 producing ova or eggs. 



OVIDUCT (Lat. oriini, an egg, and ductus, a duct). 

 A passage for the ovum or egg from the ovary. 



OVUM, plur. OvA (Lat.). An egg; a cell capable 

 when impregnated of developing into a young animal. 



PACHYDERM (Gr. pachys, thick, and derma, skin). 

 A thick-skinned animal; a member of the Pachydermata, 

 an order of mammals constituted by Cuvier to include 

 the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, &c., the members 

 of which are now divided among several orders. 



PAL^:ONTOLOGY (Gr. palaios, old, onta, beings, 

 and logos, discourse). The science that treats of fossils 

 or relics of extinct forms of life. 



PALEOZOIC (Gr. palaios, old, and zdl, life). In 

 geology, same as Primary. 



PARIETAL (Lat. paries, a wall). Belonging to the 

 side. — Parietal bones, the bones forming most of the side 

 of the skull in man, and the corresponding bones in the 

 lower animals. See fig. 39. 



PATAGIUM (Lat, the border of a dress). The term 

 applied to the flying membrane in bats, flying squirrels, 

 the flying cat, and other quadrupeds capable of flying, 

 or, at least, maintaining themselves in the air so as to 

 make great leaps. 



PAUNCH. The first compartment in the complete 

 stomach of the ruminants. Also called Pumen. See 

 fig. 37. 



PECTINATE (Lat A<:/^«, a comb). Comb-like. See 

 fig. 26. 



PECTORAL (Lat. pectus, the chest). Pertaining to 

 the chest. — Pectoral arch, same as Shoulder-girdle. 



PELVIS (Lat, a basin). The bony arch connecting 

 the lower or hind limbs, 

 which are articulated to 

 it See fig. 32. 



PERISSODAC- 

 TYLA (Gr. perissos, 

 odd, and daktylos, a 

 finger). The name of 

 an order of hoofed 

 mammals in which 

 there is always an odd 

 number of toes on the 

 hind-feet, and the toes 

 on the fore-feet, if even 

 in number, are unsymmetrical. See figure 33. 



PERISSODACTYLE. A member of the Perisso- 

 dactyla. See fig. 33. 



PETROUS PORTION OF TEMPORAL BONE. 

 See under Temporal. 



PHALANX, plur. Phalanges (Gr., a row), 

 the small bones of a finger or toe. 



Fig. 32, —The Pelvic Bones and lower part 

 of Vertebra! Column in M.^n. il. Ilium ; is. 

 Ischium : p.s. Pubic symphysis ; c. Coccyx. 



One of 



Fig- 33- — Skull of Horse, a typical Perissodactyle, showing dentition. /. In- 

 cisors; c. Canines: c.i. Cheek-teeth (molars and premolars similar); c.p. Coronoid 

 process: z.a. Zygomatic arch : tin. Nasal. 



PHYLOGENETIC (Gr. phyle, a class or tribe, and 

 genesis, generation). Pertaining to the evolution of a 

 form or group of forms; pertaining to development from 

 ancestral types. 



PINNIPEDIA (Lat pinna, a wing or fin, and pes, 

 pedis, the foot). An order of mammals including the 

 seals and walruses; sometimes considered as a sub-order 

 of Carnivora. See Flipper and fig. 23. 



