232 



GLOSSARY. 



RUMINANT (Lat ruminor, to chew the cud). An 

 animal that chews the cud. See fig. 37. 



SACRUM (Lat., sacred). The vertebra (usually an- 

 chylosed) to which the haunch-bones are articulated. 



S.XCirrrAL (IM. sagittu, an arrow). A term applied 

 to the suture connecting the two parietal bones. See 

 under Skull. — Sagittal crat, a bony ridge in the position 

 of the sagittal suture. 



SCWPHOID (Gr. sknphi, a boat, and eidos, form). 

 The bone in the wrist at the end of the radius; the 

 corresponding bone in the carpus of the lower animals. 



r.««. 



Fig. 37.— Stomach of Ruminant ^external). Internal Structure of Stomach of Ruminant, 



/rt. Paunch or rumen ; ps. Psalterium, Hber, omasum, or nianyplies ; ret. Reticulum 

 or honey-comb bag. r. st. Rennet-stomach or abomasuni ; the true digestive stomach. 



SCAPULA (I^t). The shoulder-blade. 



SE.'V-COW. The popular name for one of the Sirenia. 



SEBACEOUS (Lat. sebaceus). Fatty; secreting fat.~ 

 Sebaceous glands, skin glands secreting an oily or fatty 

 matter. 



SECTORLA.L (Lat. seco, to cut, sector, a cutter). Same 

 as Caniassial. 



SELENODONT (Gr. selcne, the moon, and odoiis, 

 odotitos, a tooth.) A term applied to 

 teeth the surface of which exhibits 

 crescent-shaped bands of enamel. See 



fig- 38. 



SEPTUM (Lat). A partition. 



SESAMOID BONES. The name 

 of certain bones formed at the joints 

 of the toes and elsewhere in many 

 mammals; so called from the supposed 

 resemblance of manyof them to the seeds 

 of the Indian plant called Sesame. See figs. 7 and 35. 



SHIN-BONE. Same as Tibia. 



SHOULDER-GIRDLE. The circle of bones formed 

 by the two shoulder-blades and the two collar-bones. 

 Also called Pectoral Arch. 



SINUS (Lat., a bay). A cavity. — Frontal sinuses, the 

 cavities between the plates of the frontal bones or bones 

 of the forehead, the cavities which in man produce the 

 prominent ridges above the eyes. 



SIRENLV ((Jr. sciren, a mermaid). .\n order of 

 mammals. See fig. 22. 



SKULL. The skeleton of the head. It is divided 

 into a cranial region, constituting the brain-case, and a 

 facial region, comi)rising the bones of the face. See fig. 39. 



SN.^G. A prong or spike; specifically applied to the 

 single spike which is the earliest form of a deer's antler. 



SPECL'M.IZE. To make S])ecial; to adapt to the 

 performance of special functions. The teeth, for e,\aniple, 

 are said to be specialized when they are so formed as to 



F'g- 38. — Upper 

 Surface of Molar of 

 Cervus ttugaceros, to 

 illustrate selenodont 

 dentition. 



be adapted for performing the special acts of gnawing, as 

 in rodents, grinding, as in horses and cows, and so on. 



SPECULUM (Lat., a mirror). In zoology, a bright 

 spot in animals, such as the light-coloured patch on the 

 hind-iiuarters of the roe-deer. 



SPHINCTER (Gr. sphingkter, from sphingd, to con- 

 strain). A name applied generally to a kind of circular 

 muscles, or muscles in rings, which serve to close the 

 external orifices of organs, and more particularly to those 

 among them which have the peculiarity of being in a 

 state of permanent contraction, independently of the will, 

 and of relaxing only when it is required 

 that the contents of the organs which they 

 close should be evacuated. 



SPLINT-BONES. The functionless 

 bones on each side of the cannon-bone 

 of a horse, representing the metacarpal 

 bones of the second and fourth digits. 

 See fig. 7. 



SUPINATION (Lat. supinus, on the 

 back). The act of rotating the lower arm 

 in such a way as to turn the palm of the 

 hand u[)wards: opposed to Pronation. 



SUPRA-OCCIPITAL CREST. Same 



as Lambdoidal Crest or Ridge. 



SUTURE (Lat. sutura, from suo, to sew). The line 



along which any two bones of the skull are dove-tailed 



into one another. See Lambdoidal and Sagittal, and 



fig. 39. 



SYMPHYSIS (Gr., a growing together). The union 

 of bones by means of cartilage; the place where bones 

 are so united. — Pubic symphysis, the union of the bones 

 in the inferior and front portion of the pelvis. 



TARSUS (Gr. tarsos, the flat of the foot). The as- 

 semblage of small bones belonging to the ankle, and the 

 corresponding bones in the hind-limbs of the lower ani- 

 mals. — Tarsal region, the region of the tarsus. 



TEAR-PIT. Same as Lachrymal Sinus. See Lachry- 

 mal. 



TEMPORAL (Lat. tempera, the temple). Belonging 

 to the temple. — Temporal fossa. See under Fossa. — 

 Petrous portion of the temporal bone, that part of the tem- 

 poral bone which contains the internal organs of the ear; 

 answering to the pro-otic, or bone in front of the ear in 

 the lower vertebrates. 



TENDINOUS. Pertaining to a tendon; composed 

 of tissue like that of a tendon. 



TENDON (Fr. from Latin tendo, to stretch). In 

 anatomy, a cord composed of a bundle of fibres forming 

 a tough tissue which serves as "the means of attaching a 

 muscle to a bone. 



TERRESTRIAL. Belonging to the earth; frequent- 

 ing or inhabiting the surface of the ground: opposed to 

 Aquatic and Arboreal. 



TERTIARY (Lat. tertius, third). In geology, the 

 term applied to the more recent rocks above the Cre- 

 taceous and ending with the Pliocene. See Geological 

 Table, vol. i. p. 23. 

 THIRD EYELID. See Nictitating Membrane. 

 THORACIC. Belonging to the thorax. 

 THORAX (Gr.). The chest; the part of the body 

 extending from the neck to the last of the ribs. 



