MENI8PEBMAGEJE. 



29 



these, like the fruit, when exhibited in proper doses, are an excellent 

 remedy in vomiting and other intestinal affections. The branches 

 are used as a yellow dye. 



The two drugs supplied by this order, most extensively used after 

 Cocculus Indicus, are Colombo-root (Fr., Bacine de Colombo) and Pareira- 

 brava. The former is supplied by Chasmanthera Columba, 1 which grows 

 in Madagascar, the east coast of Africa, and the East Indies. 2 It is 

 a tonic subaromatic drug, containing columbine or columbin 3 and 

 berberine, and which seems to be endowed with very active properties; 

 it has been recommended in colic, dysentery, dyspepsia, obstinate 

 sickness, and inertia of the stomach. 4 Its chief succedanea are the 

 roots of Cocculus fiavesceni and pellatus. 6 The root Pareira-brava, 

 also called Butua, 7 comes chiefly from Brazil and the Antilles ; but it 

 might be obtained from all the tropical countries where the nume- 

 rous varieties of Cissampelos Pareira* to which it is ascribed, are 

 found. The stem appears to possess, though in a less degree, the 

 properties of the root, which is bitter, sweetish, very diuretic, and 

 mucilaginous, recommended in nephritic colics, and formerly sup- 

 posed to be an excellent solvent for renal or vesical calculi, and cure 

 for the bites of venomous animals. It is very little used at the pre- 

 sent day. 9 



1 H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. 306 (see. p. 12, 

 figs. 16,17). — Jateorhiza Columba MlERS, Niger, 

 214, not. — Menispermum Columba Roxb., Fl. 

 Ind., iii. 807. — Cocculus palmatus DC, Syst., i. 

 522. — Gtjib., op. cit., 727. — Pereiea, op. cit., 

 661, fig. 106.— Lindl., Fl. Med., 369. 



2 It is said to be cultivated only in India and 

 Madagascar. 



3 The latter is the name used by Pereiea. 



4 Redi was the first to cite this as an alexi- 

 pharinic agent in 1675 (Exp. Circ. Var. res 

 Nat., 179). 



5 Synon. according to LlNDLEY, of Anamirta 

 Cocculus (p. 28, note 10). 



6 Synon. of Cyclea Burmanni (p. 30, note 9.) 



7 Probably wrongly. The true Butuas from 

 Brazil and the neighbouring regions are generally 

 species of Chondodendron ; and the above name 

 seems to be also applied to true Abutas. 



8 L., Spec, 1473 ; Cod., ed. Richt., 987, n. 

 7515.— Nees, PI. Off., t. 367.— C. Caapeba L., 

 Spec, 1473 ; Cod., loc. cit., n. 7516. — C. con- 

 volvulacea W., Spec, iv. 863. — C. pareiroides 

 DC, Fss. Med., 78.— C. orbiculata DC, Syst., 

 i. 537. — C. tomentosa DC. — C. heterophylla 

 DC. — C. microcarpa DC. — C. argentea H. B. K. 

 —C, guayaauilensis H. B. K. — C. orinocensis 



H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, v. 68. — C. austra'fis 

 A. S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., i. 44. — C. gracilis 

 A. S. H. — C. littorulis A. S. H. — C. monoica 

 A. S. H. — C. Kohautiana Peesl, Bel. Hccnlc., 

 ii. 81. — C. clemalidea Presl, Bot. Bern., 7. — 

 C. mucronata Guill. & Perr., Fl. Sen. Tent., 

 i. t. 11. — C. obtecta Wall., Cat., n. 4981. — 

 C. hernandifolia Wall., loc. cit., n. 4977. — C. 

 acuminata Benth. — C. canescens Miq. — C. 

 apiculala Hochst.— C. nephrophylla Bar. — C. 

 comata Miers. — C. Vogelii Miers. — C. discolor 

 A. Gray. — C. eriocarpa Tr. & Pl., in Ann. Sc. 

 Nat., ser. 4, xvii. 42. — C. glaucescens Triana & 

 Pl. — C. grandifolia Triana & Pl. — C. myrio- 

 carpa Tr. & Pl. — C. scutigera Tr. & Pl.— C. 

 subreniformis Triana & Pl. — Cocculus orbicu- 

 latus DC. — C. membranaceus Wall. (part.). — 

 Caapeba s. Erva de nossa Senora v. Cipo de 

 cobras Marcgr., Bras., 25. — Batta-valli, 

 Cattuvalli Rheed., Sort. Malab., xi. 127. (For 

 the detailed synonymy of this species see Eich- 

 ler, in Mart. Fl. Bras., Menisp., 188.)— All the 

 forms of the plant used enjoy the same pro- 

 perties. (Guib., op. cit., 730. — Pereira, loc 

 cit., 670. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 372. — Eichl., in 

 Mart. Fl. Bras., Menisp., 221.) 



9 Fromit is extracted cissampeline (C 15 H 21 N0 3 ) 



