30 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



Several other Menispermads are or have been used medicinally in 

 hot countries, chiefly as bitter tonics. We may cite the following 

 from India : Chasmanthera cordifolia 1 (the Gualancha), and Tinospora 

 crispa 2 and malabarica? belong to the same genus; Coscinium fenestra- 

 tum* Fibraurea tinctoria, 5 Stephania capitate? and rotunda? Tachygone 

 ovata, 8 Cyclea Burmanni* and peltata, 10 Cocculus ylaucus 11 and Leaba^ 

 Chasmanthera Bakis™ and Cissampelos mauritia?ia u are used in Tro- 

 pical Africa for the same purpose, like the species of Chondodendron, 15 

 Cissampelos ovalifolia™ and several forms of C. Pareira and Abuta ru- 



or pelosine (Wigg., in Ann. Pharm., xxxiii. 

 81 ; — Schw., Chem. d. Org. Alk., 416), identical 

 with berberine according to Fluckigeb. 



1 H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. 306. — Cocculus 

 cordifolius DC, Prodi:, i. 97. — C. convolvulaceus 

 DC, loc. cit. (nee alior.) — Menispermum mala- 

 baricum |3 Lamk., Diet., iv. 96. — M. cordifolium 

 Eoxb., Fl. Ind., iii. 811. — Tinospora cordifolia 

 Miees, in Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vii. 38. — 

 Goluncha luta of the Bengalese; Tippa tiga of 

 the Cingalese. 



2 Miebs, in Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vii. 38. — 

 Menispermum crispum L., Spec., 1468. — 31. 

 verrucosum Eoxb., — Cocculus crispus DC. — 

 C. verrucosus Wall. — C. coriaceus Bl., Bijdr., 

 25. This plant is considered as active a febrifuge 

 as cinchona in Malaysia. 



3 Miebs, loc. cit. — Cocculus malabaricus 

 Lamk. 



4 Colebe., in Trans. Linn. Soc, xiii. 65. — 

 Hook. & Thoms., Fl. Ind., i. 178. — Miebs, in 

 Pot. Mag., t. 4658 ; in Pharm. Journ., xii. 85. — 

 Menispermum fenestratum G^etn. — Pereiria 

 medica Lindl., Fl. Med., 370. — Woniwol, 

 Venivel, Bangwellgetta of the Cingalese. The 

 root infused in water is the best stomachic 

 known in Ceylon. It contains berberine (Gitib., 

 op. cit., 728). 



5 Loue., Fl. Cochinch., 769. — Cocculus 

 Fibraurea DC, Syst., i. 526. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 

 367. The root is diuretic. The Malays use it 

 mainly in intermittent fevers and disorders of 

 the liver. 



6 Clypea capitata Bl. 



7 Loue., Fl. Cochinch., 747. — Hook. & 

 Thoms., Fl. Ind., i. 197. — Cocculus Roxburgh- 

 ianus Wall. — C. Finlaysonianus Wall. — 

 Cissampelos glabra Eoxb. — Clypea Wightii 

 Aen. 



8 Miees, in Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vii. 43. — 

 Cissampelos ovata Poie. — Cocculus brachy- 

 stachyus DC. — C. leptostachyus DC. — C. 

 Plukenetii DC — C. Wightianus Wall. All its 

 parts, especially its fruit (figs. 12, 13), are bitter 

 and tonic. 



9 Miees, in Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vii. 41. — 

 Cocculus Burmanni DC. — Clypea Burmanni 

 Wight & Aen. (part.). — Waltiedde G^etn., 

 Fruct. ii. t. 180.— Lindl., Fl. Med., 372. The 

 root, besides being used in the treatment of re- 

 lapsing fevers and diseases of the liver, is em- 

 ployed in dysentery and piles in Malabar. 



10 Hook. & Thoms., Fl. Ind., i. 201.— Meni- 

 spermum peltatum Lamk. — Cocculus peltatus DC. 



11 Bosenth., op. cit., 581. 



12 DC, Prodr., i. 99.— C. Cebatha DC— C. 

 Fpibatherium DC — Menispermum edule Vahl. 

 It is the Leceba and Cebatha of Foeskhal, 

 wrongly referred to Fuphorbiacea under the 

 name of Adenocheton. It is found from Malaysia 

 up to the borders of the Red Sea. 



13 H. Bn., in Adansonia, ix. 306. — Cocculus 

 Bakis Guill. & Peee., Fl. Sen. Tent., i. 12, t. 

 4. — Tinospora Bakis Miebs. The root is very 

 bitter and diuretic. The negroes of Senegal use 

 it in the treatment of fever and urethritis. 



14 Dup.-Th., in Journ. Bot., ii. 65, t. 3, 4.— 

 DC, Prodr., i. 101, n. 11. Made by Miees (in 

 Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. xvii. 267) the type of the 

 genus Dissopetalum. This species furnishes the 

 Pareira-brava of the Mascarene Islands, possess- 

 ing the same properties as the American drug. 

 Eichlee makes it a mere variety of C. Pareira 

 (p. 29, note 8). 



15 C. tomentosum R. & Pav. {Prodr., 132 ; 

 Syst., 261 ; — Fpibaterium ? tomentosum Pees., 

 Syn., ii. 561 ; — Cocculus Chondodendron DC, 

 Prodr., n. 19), and the other species or varieties 

 of the genus, especially Cocculus platyphylla 

 A. S. H. (Fl. Bras. Mer., i. 48 ; PL Us. Bras., 

 t. 42) and C. cinerascens A. S. H. (Fl. Bras., 

 Mer., i. 47), bear the vulgar name of Bufua or 

 Abutua, and have the same properties as Abuta. 

 Cissampelos Abutua Velloz. (Fl. Fltim., x. t. 

 140) is a Chondodendron. 



16 DC, Syst., i. 537 ; Prodr., i. 102. To this 

 species Eichlee refers the following plants as 

 mere varieties : C. crenata DC— C. ebracteata 

 A. S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., i. 41. — C. communis 

 A. S. H.— C. velutina A. S. H. — C. suborbi- 



