PAPAVEBACEJE. 129 



trace of the separation of the ovaries of the several carpels, which 

 becomes complete at maturity; seminiferous placentas then remaining 

 attached to the valves of the fruit. — (3 genera.) 



II. Papavere^e. — Corolla and androceum as in Platystemonece. 

 Style thick, dilated into a sort of more or less stumpy head (often 

 wrongly described as a stigma), incised at the edges into lobes or 

 crenulations which alternate with the placentas, or else bear each a 

 stigmatiferous line or groove superposed to a placenta. Fruits 

 capsular, usually opening by valves alternate with the placentas, 

 which are here left free and support the style. 



III. Eschscholtzie^;. — Corolla and androceum perigynous, other- 

 wise as in the preceding series. Gynaeceum partially inferior, dicar- 

 pellary. Stigmatiferous divisions four at least, respectively. corre- 

 sponding with the two placentas and the entire or divided summits 

 of the carpellary leaves. Fruit elongate, longitudinally striate ; 

 valves placentiferous on the edges. — (2 genera.) 



IV. Fumarie^e. — Flowers dimerous, with two dissimilar corollas. 

 Stamens definite (4-6). Grynseceum dicarpellary. — (7 genera.) 



By each one of these series the order Papaveracece is linked to 

 some special order among its allies ; by Plafysfemonce to Ranuncidacece, 

 by Papaverece to Ranunculacece and Berberidacece, by Eschscholiziece and 

 Fumariece to Cruciferce and Capparidacece. Thus Platystemon, where- 

 with we commenced the study of this order, has sometimes been 

 referred to Ranunculacece. For if the gynseceal elements be united 

 by the ovarian portion into a single one-celled ovary, yet at 

 maturity each carpellary leaf becomes free, so that the arrangement 

 recalls that of a Eanunculad. Moreover, orders closely allied to 

 Ranunculacece and Papaveracece may contain side by side with 

 their polycarpic types, other genera with a one-celled ovary and 

 parietal placentae; thus, in Anonacece, Maynoliacece, and Berberidacece 

 we find such genera as Monodora, Canella, Erythrospermum. Hence the 

 close affinities between Ranunculacece and Papaveracece cannot be 

 ignored, and the latter may be termed the unilocular type of the 

 former. But there are other characters that prevent our fusing the 

 two orders into one ; the frequency of dimerous symmetry of the 

 floral whorls, the presence of latex of peculiar properties in the 

 organs, and the almost constantly capsular fruit of the Papaveracece. 

 Podophyllece form another link between these two orders, and 



VOL. III. K 



