164 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



Maregravia. Adanson 1 separated Viola, introducing, however, Viiis 

 and Passifora. But A. L. de Jussteu 2 increased the prevailing dis- 

 order of this group, by adding as genera affinia Drosera and Parnassia, 

 besides the Malvad Durio. A. P. de Candolle 3 in 1824 banished 

 from this order the genera which did not belong to it, retaining only 

 (to use our generic limits) Cleome, Cratava, Boscia, Cadaba, Steri- 

 p/wma, Stephania, Thglachimn, and Mcerua. To these eight genera 



E. Brown added Bitchiea in 1826. Bogdsia was established by 

 Eoxburgh in 1S19, and Atamisquea by Miers in 1848. Of recent 

 date are Wislizenia of Engelmann, Apophyllum and EmbUngia of 



F. Mueller, and Euadenia of Oliver ; to these we add, as types 

 of somewhat doubtful series in this order, Bopalocarpus of Bojer, 

 and Moving a of Burmann. 



These seventeen genera contain some three hundred genera, of 

 which Cleome and Capparis contain each nearly a third. Among 

 the fifteen remaining genera three alone are peculiar to America. 

 Steriphoma, with three known species, Atamisquea* and Wislizenia, 

 both monotypic. The twelve others are proper to the Old World. 

 Three of them alone are monotypic : Bopalocarpus, from Madagascar; 

 Apophgttum and EmbUngia, both Australian. In Tropical and South 

 Africa is the favoured home of Capparidacece. Besides its numerous 

 species of Capparis and Cleome, the continent and neighbouring 

 islands are the sole birthplace of Boscia, Thglachium, Euadenia, and 

 Bitchiea, with the greater part of Mania and Cadaba. The other 

 species of the two last genera extend into Arabia, and even India, 

 the sole country of Bogdsia. Moringa belongs to Tropical Asia and 

 the warm regions of Eastern Africa. Cratava, comprising only half 

 a dozen species, is however spread over a wide area in the Tropics, 

 occurring in the hottest parts of West and East Africa, Asia, and 

 the Indian Archipelago, Australia and Polynesia, the Antilles, 

 Brazil, and the neighbouring parts of South America. In this 

 respect its geographical distribution is comparable to that of Cappa- 



* Fam. des PL, ii. (1763), 402, Fam. li. 4 Its only known species extends about forty 



(Jen., ^42, Orel. IV. degrees on either side of tbe equator in the west 



Prodr., i. 237, Old. XII. f America (see Adansonia, x. 28). 



