GAPPAPWACBM. 165 



ris and Cleome. The genus Capparis extends to 40° S. in Australia, 

 the Cape, and La Plata. Northwards it extends to about 30° in 

 America, above 40° in Asia, and not far from 50° in the Medi- 

 terranean. 



The Capparidacea have long been divided into two tribes: Cleomea, 

 with a dry capsular fruit, dehiscent by thin valves ; and Capparidea, 

 with a fleshy fruit; the former usually herbaceous, with compound 

 leaves, the latter woody ; and in this group most of the genera have 

 a convex floral receptacle, and hence a hypogynous perianth and 

 androceum. In Marua, on the contrary, the receptacle is hollow and 

 obconical, with the perianth and androceum on its rim. Thus these 

 plants are analogous to Eschscholtziece among Papaverads ; hence we 

 propose to make a distinct series for them. Last come the two 

 series of somewhat doubtful position, represented by Bopalocarpm 

 and Moringa. "We now give the general characters of our five 

 series : — 



I. Cleomeje. — Insertion hypogynous. Receptacle often produced 

 into a cylinder. Fruit dry capsular, often siliquiform, one-celled, 

 dehiscent. Plants herbaceous; often annual. (2 genera.) 



II. Capparide^e. — Insertion lvypogynous. Fruit fleshy (berry or 

 drupe.) Plants woody. (12 genera.) 



III. M^erue^:. — Insertion perigynous. Receptacle concave. Fruit 

 fleshy. Plants woody. (1 genus.) 



IV.? Ropalocarpe^e. — Insertion hypogynous. Receptacle obconi- 

 cal short. Placentation brought down towards the base of the ovary. 

 Fruit dry (?) indehiscent. Stem woody. Leaves simple. (1 genus.) 



V. MoRiNGEiE. — Insertion perigynous. Receptacle concave. Fruit 

 capsular siliquiform dehiscent, usually 3-valvate. Stem woody. 

 Leaves compound, 2-, 3-pinnate. (1 genus.) 



Thus the characters whereby we distinguish these series from one 

 another are chiefly to be found in the consistency of the stem and 

 pericarp, and the form of the floral receptacle. The other particulars 

 of organization, on the variation of which we found our secondary 

 and tertiary divisions, are as follows : — 



The leaves are sometimes simple, sometimes compound. The 

 latter is nearly always the case in Clcomece ; but in Capparidea this 



