GBUCIFEU^E. 



223 



and alimentary, may be used the Barbarea, especially B. communis 1 

 and prcecox* (Bittercress, Yellow Rocket), and Cocklearia officinalis 3 

 (Scurvy-grass; Fr., Herbe aux Glitters, figs. 275-278). This last is 

 the antiscorbutic of most repute. 4 . It is almost unequalled save by 

 the Horseradish (Fr., Cran de Bretagne ; C. Armor acia? fig. 279); its 

 leaves, and still more its root, are used as a powerful remedy and 

 useful condiment. 6 The Mustards are yet more used, especially the 

 Wild Mustard 7 {Seneve sauvage), the White 3 (fig. 237), and above all 

 the Black 9 (figs. 235, 236). The seeds of the last are used in the 

 kitchen as a pungent condiment, and in medicine as an irritant and 

 rubefacient. 10 The pungent essential oil, which acts so intensely in 

 the sinapism, is shown not to exist ready formed in the seed, but to 

 be formed by the reciprocal action under favourable circumstances of 

 myronic acid and myrosine, which do exist separately in the seed. 11 



Encycl. des Sc. Med., xii. Its chief properties 

 are also found in C. amara L., asarifulia L., 

 Impatiens L., hirsuta L., and in the Chilian 

 species C. nasturtioides Bert. 



1 R. Br., in Ait. Sort. Kew., ed. 2, iv. 109. — 

 Guib., op. cit., ed. 6, hi. 681. — H. Bn., in Diet. 

 Encycl. des Sc. Med., viii. 340 (Herbe de Sainte- 

 Burbe). 



2 R. Br., loc. cit. (Cressonnette, Cresson des 

 vignes). B. stricta Andr., and arcuata Reichb. 

 (Rosenth., op. cit., 631), serve the same purposes. 



3 L., Spec, 903.— DC, Prodr., i. 173, n. 10.— 

 Sm., Engl. Bot., t. 551.— Nees, PI. Off., t. 399.— 

 Turp., in Fl. Med., ic. — Guib., op. cit., iii. 676, 

 fig. 753. — Spacii, Suit, a Buff on, vi. 501. — 

 Rev., in Fl. Med. du xix e Steele, i. 360, t. 35.— 

 C. groenlandica L. — C. minor Sm. — C. rotun- 

 difolia Sm. — C. pyrenaica DC. — C. lenensis DC. 

 The same properties occur in C. anglica L., 

 arctiea Schltl., danica L., oblongifolia DC, 

 &c. (See Rosenth., op. cit., 63 1.) 



4 Rich in an acrid, sulphuretted oil, it enters 

 into the composition of antiscorbutic syrup, wine 

 and tincture. It contains sulpho sinapisine and 

 cochlearin. It has been recommended in rheu- 

 matic, calculous, and hemorrhoidal affections. 



5 L,, Spec, 904.— DC, Prodr., i. 173, n. 4.— 

 Sm., Engl. Bot., t. 2323.— Nees, PI. Off., t. 

 400. — Schs., Sandb., t. 181. — Hatne, Arzn. 

 Gew., v. t. 29.— M£r. & Del., Diet. Mat. Med., 

 ii. 386. — Guib., op. cit., iii. 677, fig. 754. — 

 Lindl., Fl. Med., 91.— Rir., in Fl. Med. du 

 xix e Steele, i. 360. — C. rusticana Lame. — C. 

 rnacrocarpa Waldst. & Kit., PI. Sung., t. 184. 

 — Armoracia rusticana Baumg., Fl. Transylv. 

 — Spach, op. cit., vi. 520. — Rosenth., op. cit., 



634. — A. Eivini Rupp. — A. lapatMfolia Gilib. 

 — A. saliva Bebnh. — Raphanus sylvestris 

 Blackw., Serb., t. 415. — Roripa rusticana 

 Gren. & Godr., Fl. de Fr., i. 127. 



6 The scraped root is often used as a seasoning 

 or garnish. It enters into antiscorbutic syrup, 

 and, taken in beer, white wine, &c, is one of the 

 most powerful stimulant antiscorbutics known. 

 It has been praised in gout, albuminuria, inter- 

 mittent fever, &c. 



' Brassica arvensis. — Sinapis arvensis L. 

 (see above, p. 192, note 1, figs. 238-241). — Guib., 

 loc. cit., 685. — Rosenth., op. cit., 643. 



8 Brassica alba. — Sinapis alba L. (see above, 

 p. 191, note 6). — Guib., loc. cit., 686, fig. 759.— 

 Hayne, Arzn. Gew., viii. t. 39. — Nees, PL Off., 

 t. 402. — Tuep., Fl. Med., ic. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 

 92. — Pereira, loc. cit., 5S3. — Rev., in Fl. Med. 

 du xix e Steele, ii. 373. 



3 Brassica nigra. — Sinapis nigra L. (see 

 above, p. 191, note 2). — Guib., loc. cit., 687, tig. 

 758.— Hayne, Arzn. Gew., viii. t. 46. — Nees, 

 PI. Off., t. 403.— Turp., Fl. Med., ic— Lindl., 

 Fl. Med., 92. — Pereira, loc. cit., 579, fig. 104. — 

 A. Rich., Elem., ed. 4, ii. 402. — R£v., in Bot. 

 Med. du xix e Steele, i. 373, t. 35. — Rosenth., 

 loc. cit,, 643. 



10 Used chiefly for preparing sinapisms and 

 stimulating hand and foot baths. 

 * " See Guib., op. cit., ed. 6, iii. 689-692. The 

 outer layer of the seed coat of Sinapis, in contact 

 with water, swells out into a thick layer of slimy 

 mucilage. This is the case in many other Cru- 

 cifers, but in none of the Isatidece (B. H., Gen., 

 64). 



