PIPEBACE.fi. 



481 



and exstipulate. The flowers are solitary axillary. Three or four 

 species have been made ;' but Schleiden 2 reduces them to varieties 

 of a single species. 



The twelve genera we admit in this order belong to four small 

 series, the general characters of which we can now give. 



I. Saurure^e. — Herbs, with hermaphrodite pluricarpellary flowers. 

 Carpels superior or partly inferior, free altogether or partially, or 

 united edge to edge below or all the way up into a one-celled ovary 

 with several pluriovulate parietal placentas. Leaves alternate. Fruit 

 dry. Albumen double. Fibro-vasculate system simple peripheral (4 

 genera). A. L. de Jussieu, 3 who knew Saururus and Hoidtuynia, 

 placed them both in Monocotyledons, the former in Naiadece, the 

 latter in Aroidece. L. C. Richard, 4 in 1. 803, proposed to make a 

 distinct order of the Saururea, accepted by most subsequent authors. 5 

 C. De Candolle 6 has recently made it a tribe of the order P/peraceof. 

 The genera Anemiopsis 7 and Gymnotheca* were added in the second 

 quarter of this century. 



II. PiPEREiE. — The genus Piper was classed by A. L. de Jussieu 9 

 in the Genera Urticis affinia. A. P. De Candolle 10 made it a tribe of 

 Urticete under the name of Piperitece. Kunth, in 181 5, n following 

 the opinion of L. C. Richard, 12 made the Piperacea a distinct order. 

 This was accepted by Endlicher in 1836 13 to include only the two 

 types Piper and Zijjpelia ; u besides, as doubtful members, Ottomia of 

 Sprengel, 15 and Laurea, which is a true Urticad. Several genera 

 proposed as distinct by Gaudichaud' 6 were kept by Endlicher among 

 the Peppers. Then Miquel made a particular study of this group, 



1 L., Spec, 1419.— (Ed., Fl. Ban., iii. t. 510., 

 xii. t. 2000.— Sow., Engl. Bot,, t. 679, 947.— 

 Cham., in Linncea, iv. 503, t. 6, 336. — A. Gray, 

 Man., ed. 5, 427. — Geen. & Godr., Fl. de Ft:, 

 i. 592. 



2 Loc cit„ 540 (C. vulgare Schleid.). 



3 Gen. (1789), 19, 25. 



4 Anal, du Fruit (1808), 41. 



5 Saurnrece Endl., Gen., 266, ord. 82. — 

 Ad. Br., Enum., 98, film. 198.— Ag., Th. Syst,, 

 93. — Lem. & Dcne., TV. Gen,, 5Q0.—Sauru- 

 racece Lindl., Yeg. Kingd., 521. 



VOL. III. 



8 Prodr., xvi. sect. i. 235-237 (1869). 



' Hook. & Arn., in Beech. Yog., Bot. (1841). 



8 Dcne., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, iii. (1845). 



9 Gen., 405. 



111 Theor. Flem. (1813), 218. 



11 In H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Spec, i. 46. 



12 Anal, du Fruit (1808). 



13 Gen., 265, ord. 81. 



14 Bl., in Roem. et Sch. Syst., vii. (1829). 



15 N. Entd., i. (1820). 



16 In Freyein. Yoy., Bot. (1826), 513. 



I I 



