PIPEBACE.E. 



489 



Tropical Asia to envelop the mixture of powdered Areca-nut and 

 lime, is P. Befle. x In Polynesia the acrid astringent leaves of 

 P. methysticum- the Kava, Kama, or Awa, are chewed, and from 

 them is prepared the intoxicating drink so dear to these benighted 

 nations. 3 Matico* long since used by the Peruvians and their 

 neighbours as a sudorific and luemostat, and in all the cases where 

 we use Cubebs, consists of the leaves of Pipers of the section 

 Steffensia {Artanthe), especially P. angustifolium* (fig. 510), and in 

 the next place of P. aduncum 6 and lancecefolium ; 7 these leaves are 

 elongated acuminate, rugose velvety, reticulated with numerous 

 meshes, convex above, below separated by the rich plexus of pro- 

 minent veins. Innumerable are the remaining species of this genus 

 prized as remedies where they grow ; such as the root of Piper 

 umbettatunf {Pariparobo or Caapebd), P. Hoffmanseggianum? margin- 

 atum™ Partheniutn" unguiculatum, 13 eucalyptifolium™ &c, in Brazil; 



1 See p. 470, note 5. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 

 312.— Guib., loc. tit., 277. 



2 See p. 470, note . 7. — Foest., PI. Esc. 

 Austr., 76. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 313.— Gum., 

 loc cit., 27*7. — Gobl., in Journ. Pharm., xxxvii. 

 (1860), 19. 



3 M. Cuzent (in Rev. Colon., ser. 2, xv. 582) 

 terms kava a "deadly drink." O'Rorke (in 

 Rev. Colon., ser. 2, July, 1856) says that, bar- 

 ring the way some abuse it, it may be a very 

 useful drink, producing a general feeling of 

 comfort, appetite, and calm sleep. He describes 

 its preparation. It is not alcoholic, or prepared 

 from the fresh root j but the dried root cut into 

 sticks is chewed and insalivated by assistants, 

 and then water being added in a common vessel, it 

 is drunk at once. Its abuse leads to cutaneous 

 affections. Kava is, moreover, a sudorific and a 

 powerful adjunct in the treatment of syphilis. 



4 Guib., loc. cit., 278, fig. 416. — Pebeira, 

 op. cit., ii. p. i. 395. — Bentl., in Pharm. Journ. 

 (1863), 290.— Mabcotte, Du Matico (Tkes. 

 Fcole Pharm. Par., 1864). — H. Bn., in Diet. 

 Fneycl. des Sc. Med., p. ii. v. 



5 R. & Pat., Fl. Per. et Chil, i. 38, t. 57, 

 fig. a. — C. DC, Prodr., n. 185.— -P. granulosum 

 R. & Pav., op. cit., i. 38, t. 64. — P. elongatum 

 Vahl, Enum., i. 312. — Steffensia elongata K., 

 in Linncea, xiii. 637. — Gaudich., in Voy. Bonite, 

 Bot., 95. — Artanthe elongata MiQ., Syst., 434. — 

 Guib., op. cit., 278, t. 416. — A. granulosa Miq. — 

 A. cearensis MiQ, 



6 L., Spec, 41.— C. DC, Prodr., n. 184.— P. 

 scabrum Lajik., III., 80. — P. celtidifolium 

 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, i. 50. — Steffensia 



adunca K., in Linncea, xiii. 633. — Artanthe 

 adunca Miq. It is the P. a fruit crochu of 

 Descourtils (Fl. Ant., iii. 355, t. 230) and the 

 Saururus arborescens fructu adunco of Plumier. 



7 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, i. 49.— C 

 DC, Prodr., n. 323. — Schilleria lancecefolia K., 

 in Linncea, xiii. 702. — Artanthe lancecefolia 

 Miq. 



8 L., Spec, 43.— C DC, Prodr., n. 383.— 

 Peperomia umbellala K., Syn., i. 124. — Lindl., 

 Fl. Med., 314.— Mart., It., ii. 93.— Heckeria 

 umbellata K., in Linncea, xiii. 569.- —Potomorphe 

 umbellata Miq. It is the Agua xima of Piso 

 (Hist., 197, ic.) and the P. a ombelles of Des- 

 courtils (Fl. Ant., i. 177, t. 37). 



9 Rcem. & Sen., Mant., i. 242.— C DC, 

 Prodr., n. 556. — P. citrifulium Link., Jahrb., i., 

 iii. 63 (nee Lamk.). — Rosenth., op. cit., 176. 



10 Jacq., Ic. Par., ii. 2, t. 215. — P. caudatum 

 Vahl, Fcl., i. 3. — P. decumanum Aubl., Guyan., 

 i. 21 ? — P. anisatum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 

 Spec, i. 58. — Rosenth., op. cit., 177. — Schil- 

 leria caudata K. — Artanthe caudata Miq. 



11 Mart., Syst. Mat. Med. Brasil., 100.— 

 Artanthe Mikaniana MiQ., Syst., 383 (vulg. 

 Paribarabea). 



12 R. & Pat., Fl. Per. et Chil., i. 34, t. 37, 

 fig. 6. — P. glaucescens Jacq., Eel., t. 76. — P. 

 celtidifolium Desf., Cat. Sort. Par., ed. 3, 414. 

 Enckea unguiculata K. — E. glaucescens K. — E. 

 Amalago Griseb. Used chiefly as a diuretic in 

 Brazil, where it is often replaced by P. reticu- 

 latum L., or nodulosum Lk. 



13 C DC, Prodr., n. 43. — Ottonia eucalypti- 

 folia K., in Linncea, xiii. 582. 



