BIXACEM. 299 



the three partitions are much more elevated and divide the cavity of 

 the ovary into three complete cells. The organization of the flower, 

 leaves, fruit, and seeds is the same ; but the superficial coat of the 

 seeds only bears very short thinly- scattered hairs, as in certain species, 

 of Gossypium (Fr., Cotonniers), on account of which they have been 

 wrongly described as glabrous. 



The family of Bixacece is one which has been formed by links. It 

 was established in 1815 under the name of Flacourtianece, by L. C. 

 Eicb ard, 1 whose son afterwards showed the identity of the group with 

 the Bixacece proper. A. L. de Jussieu, in his Genera, had confounded 

 with the Tiliacece those genera of Bixacece known in his time — that 

 is to say, Flacourtia, Oncoba, Bixa, Lcetia, and Bernard. He left in 

 Incertce sedis, Samyda, and under the name of Anavinga, Guidonia 

 (Casearia), which he placed somewhere else among the Cistce, under 

 the title of Piparea. Papaya ought, it appeared to him, to be placed 

 among the Cucurbitacece ; Turnera among the Portulacece, Ludia and 

 Homalium among the Rosacea. In 1822, Kunth- gave the name 

 of Bixinece to the family, followed closely by De Candolle, 3 who 

 preserved as distinct the Orders of Flacourtiance and Bixinece, admit- 

 ting in the first, Ryania, Flacourtia, Xylosma {Romuea), Kiggelaria, 

 Melicytus, Hydnocarpus, Erytlirospermum, and in the latter, Bixa, 

 Bonara, Lcetia, Prockia, Ludia, and Azara. In 1836, Lindley 4 sub- 

 stituted the name of Bixinece for that of Bixacece, adopted by Endli- 

 cher 5 and by most of his successors. Lindley moreover, in 1846, 

 placed in the same alliance the Violates, the Bixacece proper {Fla- 

 courtiacece*), and the Lacistmece, Samydacece and Turneracece} The 

 small alliance of Papayales, which in his Vegetable Kingdom 9 comes 

 immediately before this, includes the two Orders, Papayacece and 

 Pangiacece? To more modern authors it has seemed that these latter 



1 In Mem. Mm., 1., 366.— Clos., in Ann. « Veg. Kingd., 327, Ord. 110. 

 Sc. Nat. ser. 4, iv. 362; viii. 209. 7 Op. cit., 326, All. 26. 



2 Diss. Malvac, 17.— Benth., in Joum. 8 _ 



Linn. Soc, v. Suppl., 75-94.— R. H., Gen., 122, Up ' , "' 6M > AU ' lb ' 



Ord. 17. 9 Pangice Bl., in Ann. Sc, Nat., ser. 2, ii. 



3 Prodr., i. (1824), 255, 259, Ord. 13, 14. (1834), 90 ; EumpMa, iv. 19.— B. H., Gen., 



4 Introd., ed. 2 72. 129, trib. 4. — H. Bn., in Adansonia, x. 248, 



5 Gen., 917, Ord. 195. —J. G. Agardh, 257 .—Pangiacce Endl., Gen., 922. — Linul., 

 Theor. Sgst PI. 255.— H. Bn., in Adansonia, ffy- Kingd., 323, Ord. 109. 



x.248. 



