350 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAJs i o. 



series. In this the three genera Paypayrola, AmpMrrox, and 

 Leonia are American; the three genera, Isodendrion, Melicytis, and 

 Hymenanthera are only found in Oceania. Among the Sauvagesiete, 

 the two genera Sc/ti/urmansia and Neckia belong to the Indian Archi- 

 pelago ; Lavradia and Sauvagesia, except one species, are confined to 

 America. As to the Violets, the two large genera Viola and 

 Hybanthus are found in all parts of the world ; but the Agations are 

 all from Oceania, and America alone possesses the genera Anchietea, 

 Schweiyyeria, Corynostylis, and Noise (t la. The general characters of 

 these three series of this family, are the following : — 



I. Paypayrot/EjE. — Flowers regular or slightly irregular, with, free 

 petals often formed into a tube. Androceum isostemonous, without 

 staminodes. Loculicidal capsule or berry. 



II. ViOLEiE. — Flowers irregular, isostemonous. Androceum irre- 

 gular, without staminodes. Capsule loculicidal. 



III. Sauvagesie^e. 1 — Flowers irregular. Corolla polypelatous. 

 Stamens fertile, same in number as the petals. Staminodes interior 

 petaloid, five in number, free or united in a tube, and accompanied 

 outwardly by a number of fertile narrow glandular staminodes. 

 Capsule septicidal. 



By the last series, the Violacew are closely connected with Och- 

 nace<£ by the Luxemburgia series, from which we shall see how 

 difficult it is to distinguish them clearly. On the other hand, we 

 are scarcely able to distinguish the regular Violacea with fleshy fruit 

 from the isostemonous Bixacecer The mode of placentation is the 

 same ; but the Violacecs are never perigynous, as most of the Bixacece 

 with isostemonous androceum are. 3 The Cistacecs differ from the 

 regular Violacete by the form of their embryo and the usual direction 

 of their radicle with regard to the micropyle. It is only by the genera 

 with irregular corolla, and anterior petal prolonged in a sac or spur, 

 that the Violacea are clearly distinguished from neighbouring families. 4 



1 Bartl., Ord. Nat., 289. — Enbl., Gen., pissime in annulum dispositis distinguendte, ple- 



912, Ord. 191. — Sauvageee DC, lac. cit. — rseque flore plus minus irregulari, anfcheris ap- 



Sauvageshtcecp, Maet., Consp., n. 238 ^1835). — pendiculatis, capsula elastica, etc., insignes." 



Lindl., Veq. Kingd., 343, Ord. 119. (B.H., Gen., 115.) 



- Thus Tvlralhylarium, ranged by Teiana & 4 A. St.-Hilaire again lias connected Sauvct- 



Planchon among the JBixaceee, has been attri- gesiece with Frankeniece, but this connexion is 



butcd by Bf.ntu. & Hook. (Gen., 119, n. 14) not generally admitted. " Tribus Sauvagesia- 



to the Violaeete. Piperea or Guidonia has also rum Frankeniaceis accedit, sed facile sepalis 



been frequently reckoned among the Violaeete. liberis imbricatis, habitn aliisque notis distin- 



3 " Yiolariere, Bixineis arete affines, imprimis guitur." (B. H., loe. cit.). 

 andrcecio 5-mero, antheris introrsum adnatis sse- 



