:;.V2 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



urticafoliw? strictus? verticittatus? parvijlortis* circaoides, 6 bicolor, 6 

 aldm, 7 guaraniticus* setigerus, 9 scariosus, 10 indecorus, 11 although less 

 known, are so many species described as belonging to the genus 

 lonidium, and which, possessing qualities more or less decidedly 

 emetic, are employed, like the false or white Ipecacuanhas, in the 

 hottest regions of America. In Madagascar II buoeifolius^ and in 

 Asia IF. heterophyllui* and suffruticosm, 14, are said to yield similar 

 drugs. The European and Amerian Violets have similar virtues, 

 and the roots of Viola odorafa 15 (figs. 352, 3G3-3GG) and those of 

 V. ca?iina, 1G sylvesfris, 17 palmata}* &c, were formerly used as emetics. 

 In Brazil, V. cerasifolia™ gracillima, 20 long* 'flora, 2i snbdimidiafa, 22 &c, 

 are employed like Hybanthm. Other emetic properties are found in 

 Noisettia longifolicF of Cayenne, and in An chief ea salutaritr 4 of South 

 Brazil. Saint-Hilaire says that it is not on account of the Europeans, 

 and because of the botanic analogy with our Violets, that the natives 

 of Brazil have learned to know the virtue of this plant, the culti- 

 vators of which round Eio Janeiro value the root as purgative, and 



1 I. urlicafolium Mart., loc. cit., t. 4, 9, 

 figs. 17, 18. Used as an emetic in Brazil. 



2 Viola striata Pom., Diet., viii. 618. — 

 lonidium striclum Vent., Malmais., n. 27, r.ofc., 

 DC, Prodr., n. 9. A species of the Antilles. 



3 Viola verticillata Orteg., Dec, iv. 50. — 

 Solea verticillata Spreng., in Schrad, Journ,, 

 ii. (1800), 190, t. 6. — lonidium polygalcefolium 

 Vent., Malmais., t, 27. — DC, Prodr., n. 13. — 

 H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, v. 376, t. 496, 

 of Mexico and the Antilles. 



4 Viola parvijlora Mut. (ex L. Fil., Suppl,, 

 396). — lonidium parviflorum Vent., loc. cit., 

 27. — DC, Prodr., n. 20. — Rosenth., op. cit., 

 660, (Peru (?) and Columbia); the white Ipeca- 

 cuanha of Peru is attributed to it. It has 

 sometimes been attributed to the root of Cm- 

 chmnchully. 



5 lonidium circeaoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 

 et _Spec, v. 379, t. 498.— DC, Prodr., n. 18 

 (Guayaquil). 



fi A. S. H., PI. Bern. Bres., 301. 



7 A. S. H., ex Rosenth., op. cit., 661. 



8 A. S. H., ex Rosenth., loc. cit. 



9 Vent., ex Rosenth., ioc. cit. 



10 A. S. II., PI. Bras. Me,:, ii. 141. 



n According to A. S. II. (FL Bras. Mer., ii. 

 1 15), of a var. /. Ipecacuanha. 



u Viola buxifolia Poir., Diet., viii. 616. 

 — lonidium luxifolium Vent., loc. cit. — DC, 

 Prodr., n. 6. 



13 Fohigala frutescens Btjrm., Fl. Zeyl., 

 195, t. 35? lonidium heleropbyllum Yknt., loc. 

 c i/_ — DC, Prodr., n. 5 (China, Ceylon). 



14 Viola suffruticosa Roth., Nov. Spec, 165. 

 — lonidium ? suffruticosum Ging., mss. (ex 

 DC, Prodr., n. 24). 



15 See p. 343, note 3. 



16 L., Spec, 1324 (part.).— DC, Prodr., i. 

 20S, n. 44.— Gren. & Godr., Fl. de Fr., i. 

 17. — Lindl., Fl. Med., 97. — Guib., op. cit., 

 661. 



" DC, Fl. Fr., ii. 689.— Reichb., Ic Fl. 

 Germ., t. 4503. — V. sylcatica Fr., Fl. Ball., 

 61. — Gren. & Godr., loc cit., 178. 



1S L., Spec, 1323.— DC, Prodr., n. 2. Used 

 as Ipecacuanha in N. America. — V. suavis Bieb., 

 ambigua Waldst. & Kit., campestris Bieb., 

 mirabilis L., collina Bess., pedata L. (digit ata 

 Pursh), pubescens Ait., enneasperma L., &c, 

 have the same reputation in various parts of 

 Europe and N. America. (See M£n. & DeTj., 

 Diet. Ma!. Med., vi. 900. — Rosenth., op. cit., 

 659). 

 ^ 19 A. S. H., Fl. Bras. Mer., ii. 136, n. 3. 



2U A.S. H., loc. cit., n. 1. 



21 h., Mantiss., 120. 



22 A. S.H., loc. cit., n. 2. 



23 11. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp-c, v. 382, t. 

 499.— DC, Prodr., i. 290, n. 1.— Rosenth., 

 op. cit., 661. — Viola longifolia PoiR., Diet., 

 viii. 649. — lonidium longifolium RCEM. & !Scir., 

 Si/st., v. 398. 



24 A. S. II., Fl, Us. Bras., t, 20 ; PI, Rem., 

 290; Fl. Bras. Mer., ii. 140. — ROSENTH., op. 

 cit., 661. — H. Bn., in Diet. Bncycl. des Sc. 

 Med., iv. 299. — Noisettia pyrifalia Mart. 



