3o8 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



trees or rigid bushes ; branches sometimes spinescent at apex ; 

 leaves alternate or fasciculate, usually small, entire or denticulate ; 

 stipules minute or caducous ; flowers axillary, solitary or in few- 

 flowered cymes; pedicels short, 2- or few-bracteolate 1 (Australia, 



New Zealand 1 ). 



II. VIOLET. 



8. Viola T. — Flowers irregular ; receptacle slightly convex. 

 Sepals 5, subequal, base produced beyond insertion, imbricated. 

 Petals unequal, dissimilar, imbricated ; inferior usually larger, 

 regular, above base calcarate or variously saccate. Stamens 5, alter- 

 nipetalous ; anthers equal, 2-locular, introrse longitudinally rimose ; 

 connective produced beyond cells in membrane ; filaments short or 

 very short, membranous; 2 anterior at base anteriorly calcarate. 

 Germen free, 1-locular ; placentas 3 (2 anterior, 1 posterior), 

 co -ovulate ; ovules anatropous ; style above clavate and variously 

 dilated, more or less recurved ; dilatation inwardly stigmatiferous, 

 and anterior side of varied form, open. Capsule elastic, longitudi- 

 nally dehiscing. Valves 3, inwardly seminiferous at middle. Seeds 

 co , ovoid or globose ; testa crustaceous, usually nitid, at hilum 

 minutely arillate ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, axil albu- 

 minous, subequal. — Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent ; leaves alter- 

 nate, base furnished with 2 stipules, often foliaceous wide persistent ; 

 flowers (often 2-morphous, fructiferous ones asepalous or crypto- 

 petalous), axillary, usually solitary ; peduncle 2-3-bracteolate 

 {Temp. regions of N. Hemisphere, Mount. S. America, N. Zealand, South 

 Africa). See p. 343. 



9. Hybanthus J acq. 3 — Flowers nearly of Viola; sepals not pro- 

 duced at base. Anterior petals larger than others, slightly above 



1 Nearly related to Gen. Melyc'dus (might be t. 1 (1771). — DC, Prodr., i. 306. — Ionidhtm 

 a section of it). Vent., Jard. Malmais., t. 27 (1803). — DC, 



2 Spec. 4. Hook, f., Fl. Tasman., i. 27 ; Ft. Prodr., i. 307. — Spach, Suit, a Bvffon, v. 519. 

 N.-Zel., i. 17, t. 7.— Benth., Fl. Austral., i. — Endl., Gen., n. 5041. — Payee, Fam. Nat., 

 104.— Pot. Mag., t. 3163.— Walp., Rep., i. 108.— A. Geat, Gen. III., t. 82.— B. H., Gen., 

 225; ii. 767; Ann., vii. 220. 117, 970, n. 6.—- Solea GiNG., in DC. Prodr., i. 



3 Amer., 77, t. 175, figs. 24, 25 (1763).— 306.— A. Geat, op. cit., t. 81.— Pigea DC, 

 Neck., Elem., n. 1386 (1790).— DC, Prodr., i. Prodr., \. 307.— Tlamingia De Vuiese, in PI. 

 311.— Calceolaria Lcefl., It. Hisp. (1758), 183 Preiss., i. 398. 



(nee Fefill.). — PombaUa Vandell., Fasc, 7, 



