VIOLACEffi. 359 



base gibbous or subsaccate. Stamens 5, free or more or less connate 

 or coalescing ; filaments short, or more or less elongated, sometimes 

 linear ; 2 anterior, or rarely 4, outwardly calcarate at base, gibbous 

 or glanduliferous ; ] connective produced in membrane beyond cells. 

 Germen of Viola ; style recurved-clavate at apex, anteriorly stigma- 

 tiferous. Capsule sometimes crustaceous, elastically 3-valved ; seeds 

 ovoid-globose ; testa crustaceous. Other characters of Viola. — Herbs, 

 sometimes suffrutescent or erect shrubs ; leaves alternate, sometimes 

 opposite ; stipules usually small ; flowers axillary pedunculate, soli- 

 tary or fasciculate, sometimes in terminal racemes {All Tropical 

 regions 1 ). 



10? Agation Ad. Br. 3 — Flowers nearly of Hybantlius ; sepals 5, 

 subequal, not produced at base, deciduous. Petals unequal ; ante- 

 rior larger, labelliform, narrow at base and below gibbous- saccate. 

 Stamens 5, free ; filaments free, coalescing at margin; superior often 

 finally free ; 2 anterior outwardly below apex furnished with short 

 recurved glands ; anthers introrse, apex mucronulate ; connective 

 produced beyond cells in petaloid lamina. Germen free ; placentas 

 3, cc -ovulate; style thickened at apex recurved, anteriorly stigma- 

 tiferous. Capsule crustaceous-ligneous ; valves 3 inwardly semini- 

 ferous at middle. Seeds go, compressed-winged, unequally 3, 4- 

 angular, 4 imbricated ; albumen often thin ; embryo wide, radicle 

 cylindrical ; cotyledons flat, unequally sub-3-angular or obovate. — 

 Sarmentose shrubs ; leaves alternate, entire or dentate ; stipules 

 minute or caducous ; flowers in compound racemes, axillary and 

 terminal; pedicels articulate, 2-bracteolate 5 (IV. Caledonia, and Fiji 

 Islands 6 ). 



1 Glands sometimes coalescing in 1 entire or 2 (Ionidium). — Thw., Enum. PL Zeyl., 21 

 lobes (in Solea and Euhybanthus). (Ionidium). — Oliv., FL Trop. Afr., i. 105 



2 Spec. 40, of which 4 are African, 5 or 6 (Ionidium). — Kl., in Pet. Mossamb., Bot., 148 

 Australian, others of N. and S. America. Aubl., (Ionidium). — Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.-Ind., 26; 

 Guian., t. 318 (Viola). — Forst., in Trans. Cat. PI. Cub. 11 (Tonidium). — Hook. f. & 

 Linn. Soc, vi. 309, t. 28 (Viola). — H. B. K., Thoms., FL Brit. Lid., i. 185 (Ionidium).— 

 Nov. Gen. et Spec., v. 385, t. 494 (Hybantlius). Walp., Rep., i. 221 ; ii. 767 ; v. 55 ; Ann., i. 

 —A. S. H., PL Us. Bras., t. 9, 11, 20; PL 68: ii. 67; iv. 231; vii. 217 (Ionidium). 

 Rem., t. 27. — A. Gray, Unit. St. Fxpl. Exp., 3 In Bull. Soc. Bot. de Fr.,\'u\. 79; in Ann. 

 Bot., i. 87 (Ionidium); Man.,ed. 5, 76 (Solea). — Sc. Nat., ser. 5, i. 346. — B. H., Gen., 118, a. 

 Chapm., Fl, S. Unit.-St., 34 (Solea). — C. Gat, 7. — Agatea A. Gray, Unit. St. Fxpl. Exp., 

 Fl. CHI., i. 227 (Ionidium).— Miq., in Linnaa, Bot., i. 89, t. 7. 



xxii. 355. — Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 74 4 Testa, as affirmed, crustaceous on internal 



(Ionidium). — Benth., Fl. Austral., i. 101 face, and there separating, " nigra et ad faciem 



(Ionidium). — Oudem., Viol , 6 (Ionidium). — internam membranucea." 



Tul., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, ix. 300. — Tr. & 5 Q e n. scarcely distinct from Pombalia, but 



Pl., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser, 4, xvii. 124 (Ioni- differing by winged seeds. 



'dium).— Tukcz., in Bull. Mosc. (1863), i. 556 6 Spec. 2, 3. WALr., Ann., vii. 218. 



