414 NATURAL IIISTORY OF PLANTS. 



separation of the petals after anthesis ; these are generally shorter, 

 and the flower is sometimes only tetramerons. These characters 

 do not permit Aruha to be generically separated from Quassia. 1 

 They have the same fruit, but sometimes of the largest dimensions, 

 as is seen in the drupes of Q. cedron (fig. 4G8). The leaves are 

 alternate, compound-pinnate, sometimes trifoliolate ; the flowers are 

 collected in racemes, rarely simple, but oftener ramified and com- 

 posed of cymes. Some fifteen of them are known. 2 



Very nearly related to Quassia by the section Aruba,8imaru6a is only 

 essentially distinguished from it by its dioecious or polygamous 

 flowers, hemispherical receptacle more or less velvety, and its impari- 

 pinnate leaves, with opposite folioles. We must consider as very nearly 

 allied genera : Hannoa, of tropical Africa, which has polygamous 

 flowers, with subbilabiate quinquefid calyx, an elongated floral recep- 

 tacle with ten grooves, and a fruit formed of five or six scarcely 

 fleshy drupes ; Samandura, distinguished by its 3-5-merous, herma- 

 phrodite flowers, a calyx glandular at the base, and simple, alternate 

 leaves, biglandular at the base ; Mannia, whose pentamerous, herma- 

 phrodite flower has a five-lobed receptacle, and from fifteen to twenty 

 stamens, with pinnate leaves ; Ilt/ptiandra, an Australian shrub, 

 whose 4-5-merous flowers, solitary, or few in number, in the 

 axils of the simple, entire leaves, with a diplostemonous androceum, 

 without scaly appendages to the filaments,, and coriaceous fruits, 

 with seeds slightly albuminous ; Castela, consisting of small Ameri- 

 can shrubs, often thorny, with simple, alternate leaves, flowers 

 grouped in small axillary cj^mes, polygamo-dicecious, tetramerous, 

 with fleshy 8-lobed receptacle, four styles with free re volute sum- 

 mits, and four drupes with crustaceons stone ; Holacantha, a thorny, 

 aphyllous shrub (imperfectly known) of New Mexico, whose dioecious 

 flowers are ?-8-merous, and the fruit formed of a variable number 

 of drupes, with but slightly albuminous seeds. 



Ailantus (figs. 469-471), with polygamous, pentamerous flowers, 

 whose organization is nearly the same as those of Suiiaruba, is clearly 



B. II., Gen. 308, n. 2. — Zwingera Scureb., H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Spec, vi. 18, t. 514. — 



Gen., ii. 802.— Phyllostema Neck., Mem., n. Hook., Ketv Joum., ii. t. 11 (Simaba).— 



1075.— Homalolepis Turcz., in Bull. Mosc. Gbiseb., Fl. Brit. W.-lnd., 139 (Simaba). — 



(1818), ii. 575. Tb., in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, xv. 357 (Simaba). 



1 See upon this question Adamonia, viii. 88. — Bat. Mag., t. 497. — WALr., Ann., i. 161, 



2 A. S. H., PI. Rem. Bres., 126, t. 10, 11; 162; iv. 420; vii. 737 (Simaba). 

 Fl. Bras. Mer., i. 71, t. 14 (Simaba). — 



