444 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



jj//j///a, 1 chortophila? Cerefolium? Coleonema album (figs. 416-420), 

 pulchrum* (fig. 4:21), juniperifolium? and Diosma vulgaris and succu- 



lenia? Our common Dictamnus* is also an aromatic stimulant, and 

 tonic plant. So large is the quantity of volatile essence contained 

 in the glandular reservoirs, that in warm weather it ignites when 

 brought in contact with a lighted candle. 9 The Zanthoxylece are also 

 essentially aromatic plants; but besides the essential oil, they con- 

 tain a resin and a bitter crystalline principle, formerly called 

 xanthopicrite™ which modifies their properties a little. Zanihoxylum 

 fraxineumr 1 (figs. 433-43S) has a bark whose flavour, finally very 

 acrid, excites salivation ; it is employed as antirheumatismal, sudorific, 

 and diuretic, and as a remedy for toothache. The bark of the yellow 

 Zanlhoxylon Clava Ilerculis (Fr., Clavelier) of the Antilles, 1 - is more 

 bitter and acrid ; it recalls very much the Angostura bark, from 

 which it differs especially by the presence of a certain yellow colour- 

 ing matter, abounding in several species of the genus, which makes 

 them prized as tinctorials. It has been recommended as a febri- 

 fuge and tonic. Most species of Zantlioxylon of the section Fagara 

 are still more aromatic. Their bark, and particularly their fruits, 

 have a burning, peppery taste, which makes them valued as spice. 

 Such are Z. carolinianum Lamk., heterophyllum Lamk., Aviceunce 



1 G. F. W. Mey., Baetl, & Wendl,, loc. fig. 727.— Bosenth., Syn. PI. Diaph., 8S2 

 cit., 173. — Haey. & Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 423, (vul^. Fraxinelle, Dictamne Mane, D. pourpre, 

 11. 60. JJerha Fraxinellee pumilce Off.). 



2 Ecel. & Zeyh., JSnum., 914. — Haey. & 9 Biot, Sur Vinflammect. de la Fraxinelle 

 Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 435, n. 90. — A. cyminoides (in Nouv. Ann. Mits., i. 273). This essence 

 Ecel. & Zeyh., loc. cit., 916. gives its fragrance to a distilled water used in 



3 Baetl. & Wendl., loc. cit., 159. — Haey. southern countries as a cosmetic. It has been 

 & Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 424, n. 62. — A. Part- employed in most affections of the nerves, 

 lingana Echx. & Zeyh., Enum., 898 (part.). — hysteria, epilepsy, melancholy, &c. The root, 

 Diosma cerefolia Vent., Jard. Malmais., t. stripped of its white, rolled bark, forms part 

 1)3. — Bucco cerefolia m Ecem. & Sch., loc. cit., of several drugs, especially Guttate powder. 

 439. In Siberia, the leaves are used in preparing a 



4 Hook., in Pot. May., t. 3340. — C. yracile stimulating infusion similar to tea. 



Ecel. & Zevii., loc. cit., 833. — C. viryatum '" This substance has been recognised as 



Ecel. & Zeyh. — Diosma calycina Steud. — identical with berberine. (Dyson-Pekeins, in 



D. opposUifolia E. Mey. Trans. Chem. Soc. (1862), ex Pharm. Jour,!., 



5 Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 378. — Diosma juni- ser. 2, iv\ 403). 



perina SrEENG. — D. Meyeriana Steui. " See p. 396, note 1. Guib., Drog. Simpl., 



6 Schltl., in Liiuia-a, v. 201. — Haey. k e<l. 6, iii. 559. — Bigel., Med. Sot., iii. t. 59. — 

 Sond., Fl. Cap., i. 374.— D. Ursula L., Spec, Lindl., Fl. Med., 216. — Bentl., in I'harm. 

 286. — Thunb., Fl.Cap., 222. — J), opposi/ifolia Journ., iv. 494. (Vulg. Bois. cpiueiix jaitne, 

 L., Spec, 286. — D. rubra L., Spec, 287.— Prickly Ash, Toothache Tree, of America. 



JD. ericoides Siks, in Pot. Mag., t. 2332. ] - Z. caribmtm Lame., Diet., ii. 40 (nee 



7 Blkg., PI. Cap., 63.— Thtthb., Fl. Cap., G;eetn.). — Descouet., Fl. An'., ii. 58.— 

 224. — D. scabia, Lamk., Diet., ii. 283.— ? Z. carolinianum Gjektn., Fritct., i. 333, t. 

 D. decussaia Lame., loc. cit., 284. G8.—Z. Clara Herculis DC, Prodr., i. 727 



8 See p. 383, note 1. — Endl., EncMrid., (nee L.).— Lindl., Fl. Med., 2W.—Z. Fie- 

 613. — Gum., Drog. Simpl., vd. 0, iii. 553, phantiasis Macfad., Jam., i. 193. 



