264 UMBELLIFERyE. Sanicula. 



Tribe II. SANICVLEjE. Koch; DC. 



Transverse section of the fruit someichat orbicular. Carpels with 5 equal primary and no 

 secondary ribs, or covered with scales or prickles. Viltce none, or numerous when the 

 fruit is prickly. Seeds flattish on the face. — Umbels fascicled or capitate, simple or 

 somewhat irregularly compound. 



3. SANICULA. Toum. ; Endl. gen. 4382. SANICLE. 



[ Named from the Latin, sanio, to heal ; on account of its supposed medicinal virtues.] 



Calyx-tube, in ihe fertile flowers, echinate ; the teeth somewhat foliaceous and persistent. 

 Petals erect, with a long inflexed point. Fruit ovate-globose, densely clothed with hooked 

 prickles. Carpels without ribs : vittas numerous. Carpophore indistinct. Seeds semi- 

 globose — Perennial herbs. Radical leaves with long petioles, palmately or pinnatifidly 

 lobed ; the segments incised and serrate. Umbels with few rays : umbellets capitate ; the 

 flowers numerous, and mostly polygamous ; sterile flowers small, with the calyx smooth. 

 Involucre foliaceous ; the leaflets often lobed. Leaflets of the involucels entire. 



1. Sanicula Marilandica, Linn. (Plate XXXI.) Long-styled Sanicle. 



Leaves digitately 5 — 7-parted, the segments incisely and mucronately serrate ; sterile 

 flowers numerous, distinctly pedicellate, and nearly as long as the fertile ones ; styles long 

 and recurved. — Linn. sp. \. p. 235 ; "Jacq. ic. rar. t. 348 ;" Miclioc.fl. \. p. 162 ; Lam. ill. 

 t. 191. /. 2 ; Torr. fl. \. p. 302 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 84 ; Beck, bot. p. 141 ; Darlingt. f.. 

 Cest. p. 184 ; Torr. ^ Gr. fl. N. Am. 1. p. 602 (in part). 



Root consisting of numerous thick fasciculate fibres, slightly aromatic and stimulating. 

 Stem about 2 feet high, branching at the summit. Radical leaves on long petioles, 3-5- 

 parted to the base ; the lateral segments deeply 2-parted ; all the segments oblanceolate or 

 cuneate-obovate : cauline leaves resembling the radical ones, but with much shorter petioles, 

 or sessile. Primary and secondary divisions of the umbel 2 or 3, with a solitary umbellet in 

 the forks, consisting chiefly of numerous stammate flowers. Involucral leaves mostly 2-3- 

 parted at the base. Umbellets somewhat globose, consisting of two kinds of flowers. Staminate 

 ones 10 - 15 ; the pedicels slender, 2-3 lines long. Calyx 5-parted to the base ; the seg- 

 ments lanceolate, mucronale. Petals nearly white, or yellowish. Stamens exserted. No 

 rudiments of an ovary or styles. Fertile flowers 2-6, sessile. Calyx-segments, petals and 

 stamens as in the fertile ones. Styles at first nearly erect, at length recurved and nearly as 

 long as the ovary. Fruit densely clothed throughout with strong hooked prickles, dilated and 

 somewhat bulbous at the base, disposed in no regular order ; at maturity, separating into two 

 carpels, diverging, and remaining attached by their bases to the summit of the peduncle. 



Woods and thickets ; common. Fl. June - August. Fr. August - September. 



