270 UMBELLIFER^. Cryptot.enia. 



more or less shining ; segments 2-5 inches long, attenuated below, and serrate quite to the 

 base : petioles broad and sheathing. Rays of the umbel 3-6, somewhat erect. Fruit about 

 3 lines long, often curved from the unequal growth of the carpels, dark olive-green when 

 mature ; the straight styles nearly one-third the length of the fruit. 



Damp shady woods and thickets ; common. Fl. June - August. Fr. September. 



9. ZIZIA. Koch, Umb. p. 129 ; Endl. gen. 4392. MEADOW PARSNEP. 



[In honor of I. B. Zizii, n German botanist.] 



Margin of the calyx with 5 very short teeth. Petals oblong, with a long indexed point. 

 Fruit contracted laterally, somewhat didymous, roundish or oval. Carpels with 5 filiform, 

 more or less prominent (but not winged), equal ribs; the lateral ones marginal : intervals 

 with 1—3 vittae. Commissure with 2-4 vittae. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed very convex 

 on the back, flat on the face. — Perennial herbs. Leaves ternately or biternately divided, 

 with oblong or ovate segments ; radical ones often cordate and entire. Involurre none. 

 Involucels few-leaved. Flowers yellow. 



§ 1. EuziziA, Torr. & Gr. Carpels with prominent ribs: intervals with single vitt(Z : commissure 



with 2 vitla. 



1. ZiziA coRDATA, Koch. (Plate XXXIII.) Heart-leaved Ale.tanders. 



Radical leaves simple, cordate, on long petioles, crenately toothed ; stem-leaves nearly 

 sessile, ternately divided ; the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, serrate, lateral ones sometimes 

 2-parted nearly to the base. — Koch, Umb. p. 129, ex DC. prodr. 4. p. 100 ; Hook. Jl. Bor.- 

 Am. 1. p. 2G0; Beck, bot. p. 143; Darlingt.Jl. Cest. p. 186. Smyrnium cordatum, Walt, 

 fl. Car. p. 114 ; Michx.fl. I. p. 170 ; Ell. sk. \.p. 359 ; Torr.fl. l.p 307. S. trifoliatum, 

 Nutt. gen. l.p. 195 (excl. syn. Linn.). Thaspium cordatum, var. a. (in part), Toit. ^- Gr. 

 fl. N. Am. 1. p. 615. 



Stem about two feet high, usually smooth, or sometimes minutely pubescent. Radical 

 leaves sometimes a little lobed, but commonly cordate and entire, 2-4 inches in diameter, 

 the petioles 4-8 inches long : lower caulinc leaves on very short sheathing petioles ; the 

 uppermost sessile, rather obtusely serrate. Umbels opposite the leaves, on long naked pe- 

 duncles ; the rays 6 - 10, about an incli in Icngili, and twice as long in fruit. Involucels a 

 mere entire border, or consisting of one or two small leaflets. Styles slender, about the length 

 of the ovary. Fruit about a line and a half long, roundisli-oval, dark purple when mature : 

 dorsal ribs angularly prominent. Vittaj nearly as broad as the intervals, filled with a terebin- 

 ihine bitterish oil. 



Borders of woods, and thickets on hill-sides. Fl. May. Fr. July. Confounded, in the 

 Flora of North America, wiih Thaspium cordatum, from the first variety of which it can 

 hardly be distinguished except by the fruit. 



