Galium. RUBIACEiE. 313 



Whole plant somewhat glaucous. Stem 1^-2 feet high, usually smooth and shining, or 

 only slightly rough on the angles. Leaves of the stem about an inch and a quarter long ; of 

 the branches scarcely half as long, 2-4 lines wide, when dry a little revolute on the margin, 

 which is slightly scabrous, as is also the midrib. Flowers numerous and rather crowded. 

 Lobes of the corolla acute. Fruit rather small, usually a little hispid. 



Dry woods and rocky banks of rivers ; rather common in the northern and western counties ; 

 rare in the southern part of the State. Fl. July - August. 



Suborder II. Cinxhone^. Torr. S)- Gr. 



Leaves opposite or very rarely verticillate. Stipules one or two on each side 

 between the petioles (interpetiolar), often united with each other or with the 

 petioles, or with both so as to form a sheath. ./Estivation of the corolla 

 valvate, imbricated or contorted. Ovary coherent with the tube of the calyx, 

 or very rarely with the upper portion free. — Trees or shrubs, very rarely 

 herbs. 



Tribe I. SPERMACOCEjE. Cham. ^ Schlecht. 



Fruit dry or scarcely fleshy, composed of two {rarely three or four) l-seeded carpels, which 

 are variously combined ; so7netimes separating and indehiscent, or variously dehiscent, 

 but never loculicidal. Albumen fleshy and somewhat horny. Estivation of the corolla 

 usually valvate. — Herbs or shrubs. Stijmles membranaceous at the base, usually with 

 several bristles at the apex. 



2. CEPHALANTHUS. Linn. ; Endl. gen. 3138. nvTTON-BVSH. 



[ From the Greek, kephale, ahead, and a?Uhos, a flower; the flowers growing in heads.] 



Calyx-tube obpyramidal ; the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, slender ; the lobes of the 

 4-cleft limb erect, imbricate in estivation. Stamens 4, scarcely exserted. Style filiform, 

 much exserted : stigma clavate-capitatc. Fruit inversely pyramidal, coriaceous, 2-4- 

 celled, separating from the base to the summit into 2-4 closed 1 -seeded portions. Seeds 

 pendulous, conformed to the cell, crowned with a kind of corky arillus. Embryo straight, 

 in the axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : cotyledons oblong, foliaceous : radicle 

 slender. — Shrubs, with oval or lanceolate, opposite or ternate leaves. Flowers white, in 

 dense globose heads. 



1. Cephalanthus occidentalis, Linn. Butter-bush, or Pond-Dogrcood. 



Leaves opposite and ternate, ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, distinctly petioled, usually 

 smooth ; peduncles longer than the heads, usually ternate at the extremity of the branches. — 

 [Flora.] 40 



