CAMPEP HILL'S PRINC IPAL1S. 237 



Woodpecker's nest. Upon returning to the same tree, a short time after, I started the 

 female ('nun her dilapidated nest; in a day or two after this, however, I sent a negro lad 

 up into the same tree in order to secure the eggs of a Sparrow Hawk which were placed 

 in a natural cavity HI a limb, at least sixty feet in air, and when passing the nest of the 

 Woodpecker, he looked in but neither of the birds were present nor did I see them in the 

 neighborhood, so concluded that they had deserted their home. I have little doubt, how- 

 ever, but that the birds would have deposited their eggs in that nest, had I taken more 

 care in opening the cavity. 



The Pileatcd Woodpeckers are not at all migratory, being constantly resident, even in 

 Northern Maine, although it is highly probable that they wander in the North during win- 

 ter. In Florida, however, wheh a pair become attached to any particular locality, they 

 seldom, if ever, leave it but spend their entire lives in a limited area. 



GENUS VI. CAMPKl'IIILUS. THE SCARLET-CRESTED WOODPECKERS. 



Gi:\. CM. Sternum, not twice as wide as the hciyht of the keel. Marginal indentations, equal in depth to about one half 

 tlf hfii/th ,if thi I,' 1 1: outer, more shallow than inner. Manubrium, very small. Terminal hook ofscapu/a, nearly straight 

 on tlic UJI/H r. am/ rounded nn the litwer, side. Tonyuc, provided with a tony, extensible sheath, while the ceraio-hyats are 

 yr> nt 1 :: ' loni/iiti il ami extend around the back of the skull. Proncntriculus , quite larye. Stomach, not very muscular. Sal- 

 irary ylanils, quite toell developed. Both mandililet, straight. Head, crested. 



In nic:ii!irrs <>f thi- genus, the males are marked on the occiput with scarlet. The prevailing color on the liody is Mack, 

 relieved by conspicuous marking of 'white, especially on the wings. The tail feathers arequite acuminate. The hind toe is 

 about one half the length of the outer which is projected backward. As in tl>e preceding genus, the head is large and the 

 neck lung and thin. There is but one species within our limits. 

 



CAMPEPHILUS PRINCIPALIS. 



Ivory-billed Woodpecker. 

 Campephilus printipalis GRAY, List of Genera; 1840. 



DESCRIPTION. 



SP. Cn. Form, robust. Size, large. Sternum, stout. Tongue, rather thin and horny at the tip which is provided 

 with barbs for two thirds of the terminal length. The extensible sheath occupies about one half of the length of the tongue. 

 The salivary glands are moderate in size. There are no laryngeal muscles, excepting the sterno-trnchealis which is very stout. 



tympanifonn membrane is present and although there is an os transversale, yet it does not support a semilunar mem- 

 brane. 



< 'OI.OR. Adult male. Uniform glossy black having greenish reflections, with a line from below the cur coverts, running 

 down the neck, broadening on the shoulders, and extending along the back, short line at base of bill, not reaching the eye, 

 expo-ed portion of primaries and basal portion of two or three inner primaries, and under wing coverts, white. Occiput, 

 and portion extending forward nearly to the eye, forming a point, and back of upper neck, scarlet. 



Adult female. Similar to the male, but lacks the scarlet on the head which is replaced by black. Iris, yellow, bill, 

 ivory-white, feet, greenish, in all stages. K 



OBSERVATIONS. 



Thi- species may be at once distinguished from all the others which occur within our limits, by the large size, white 

 bill and secondaries. They are constantly resident in Florida and are found rarely in the other Gulf Suites as well as in the 



Carolines and along the Mississippi Valley to Southern Illinois. 



t 



DIMENSIONS. 



Average measurements. Length, 20-35; stretch, 31-00, wing, 9-30; tail, 6'35; bill, 2'75; tarsus, 1-80. Longest speci- 

 men, 21-00; greatest extent of wing, 32-00; longest wing.U'GO; tail, (i'5(); bill, 2'80; tarsus, 2-00. Shortest specimen, 19-75; 

 smallest extent of wing, 30'00; shortest wing, 9'00; tail, 6'25; bill, 2"5; tarsus, 1'60. 



