SURNIA ULULA. 277 



uttered ;it intervals. Mr. Will Perhaui discovered a nest of this species while collecting 

 on tin 1 Magdalen Islands, on the thirteenth of June, 1878. It was placed in a hole of a 

 dead birch tree not far from the ground and contained four young and one addled egg. 

 As the young wen- well grown at this time, it is probable that the eggs were deposited 

 about the same time as those of the Acadian Owls, very late in April or early in May. 

 Richardson's Owl is not strictly migratory, a few individuals, only, wandering southward 

 in winter. 



HI. SURNIA. THE LONG-TAILED OWLS. 



QKH. CM. T/ie sternum is considerably arched, with a nearly straight Tied which does not quite e<[ual in height one half 

 thi irnltli nf Iki' sternum. Outer marginal indentations, wider than the inner. Coracoids short, not being equal in lemjth to 

 tin t,iji i, i' ih' In rl, but are not set on at a wide angle. Furcula, no! well developed, for if is not ossified its entire length. Ear 

 tuj'/x, mi/ jirixr-nt. Tail, graduated, and nearly equal in length to the wtngs which are considerably elongated. Tarsus and 

 toes, mil tint In-red. 



M embers of this gmiis are quite large nnd the plumage is short and compact but not strikingly downy. The eyes are 

 not large and are yellow in color. The sterno-trachealis is thin, and there is a slender bronchialis, but no other laryn- 

 geal muscles. As in other Owls, the tympaniform membrane is present and although there is a thin os transversale, it 

 dor- not support a scmilunar membrane. The rtj-iophagiis is nearly straight, being a little wider in the middle, nnd opens 

 into a .juke large proventriculus with simple, oval glan Is arranged in a wide, zonular band which measures T08 iau/u/a, 

 from which this and the following dimensions are taken. The stomach is of medium size, somewhat globular in form, with 

 thin but soft walls. The fold of the duodenum is long, inclosing n wide pancreas which, however, only extends half its 

 K'ugth. The eiBca are not very long, 2'<!5 in length, small near the intestine, measuring '08 in diameter, with the blind 

 ends dilated into balloon-shaped sacs, -%5 in diameter. The spleen is an elliptical body lying directly on the proventric- 

 ulus. The left lobe of the liver is larger than the right. There Is but one species within our limits. 



SURNIA ULULA. 



Hawk Owl. 

 Strix uMa LINN, Syst. Nat., I; 1766, 133. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Sp. Cn. Form, long and slender Size, large. Sternum, quite stout. The marginal indentations are quite deep. 

 Tongue, rather thick and fleshy, horny at the tip which is rounded and slightly bifid. Bill and claws, not long, the for- 

 mer is stout but the latter are slender. 



COLOR. Adult. Above, including upper wing coverts, uniform dark greenish-brown, with a narrow central line of 

 white on the feathers of the top of the head and on sides of face. Spots on scapularies, where they are largeand partly con- 

 ceal.^!, and on wing coverts, and basal portion of feathers back of neck, white. Wings, dark greenish-brown, spotted on 

 tin 1 outer and inner webs of primaries and secondaries with white. Tail, also greenish-brown, narrowly tipped with white 

 and enrh feather is marked on both webs with about eight pain of white bars. Upper tail coverts, reddish-brown, barred 

 with white. The face, is white and dusky, mixed, the former color predominating around the eye, excepting in front of it, 

 anil the latter on the sides of the bill and in aline to the top of head. Beneath, white, with large spots of black on the sides 

 of neck; remainder of under parts, including under wing coverts, transversely barred, excepting on the chin and abdomen, 

 with pule reddish-brown. Under tail coverts, white, barred with reddish-brown. Tibia and tarsus, reddish-white, barred 

 with brownish. 



Yniiiig. Ouite similar to the adult but there is a dark band across the breast, and the feathers below show traces of 

 rufous, especially on the flanks. 



X/.il/in>/s. Are at first covered with a reddish down and, in time, gradually assume the plumage last described. Iris 

 and sol.-s of f.-ct, yell >\v, bill, also yellow, darker at base and on lower mandible, cere greenish, and claws, dark-brown, in 

 all stages. Sexes, similar in color. 



OBSERVATIONS. 



Specimens are quite uniform in coloration. Readily known, in the adult stage, from the preceding species by the very 

 dark greenish-brown color; in all stages, by the bars on the long tail, as well as on the lower parts; and from all others, by 



