518 APPENDIX. 



but I have never met with a specimen in Newton. They were, however, nearly as abun- 

 dant as the Swamp Sparrows, in the autumn, in Pennsylvania, and had much the same 

 habits, frequenting the rank herbage along streams. 



LOXIA AMERICANA. 



Jled Crossbill. 

 littxi.i Americana Bon., List.; 1838. 



SP. On. Form, robust. Size, medium. COLOR. Adult male. Dull red. Wings and tail brownish. Female, ashy- 

 brown, tinged with greenish. Young, similar to last. 



Observations. Known by the crossed mandible, and absence of white on wings. Breeds frcm Massachusetts, north- 

 ward; wintering from Canada to Pennsylvania. DIMENSIONS. Length, 6-00; stretch, 10's!5; wing, 335: tail, '2'20; bill, 

 '70; tarsus, 'fri. 



HABITS. 



The Red Crossbills breed in Maine, in February and also again in August, for Mr. 

 Will Perham informs me that a number nested in a grove in Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, 

 during this latter named month, a few years ago, and he has a nest with eggs in his pos- 

 session, which he obtained at the time. In general habits, the Crossbills resemble the 

 Pino Grosbeak, being very unsuspicious, and during spring, they sing very sweetly. 



LOXIA LETJCOPTERA. 



White-winged Crossbill. 



Loxia leucoptera GM., Syst. Nat., I; 1788, 540. 



SP. CH. Form, robust. Size, medium. COLOR. Adult male. Purplish-red, becoming dusky on back. Wings and 

 tail, black, the former with two bands and a few spots of white. Female. Ashy-brown, tinged with greenish-yellow and 

 streaked with dusky. Youny. Similar to female. 



Observations. Known by the white on wings. Breeds from Canada, northward; winters from this point to Pennyl- 

 vania. DIMENSIONS. Length, 6'40; stretch, 10'25; wing, 3'40; tail, 2'40; bill, (&; tarsus, -55. 



HABITS. 



I found the White-winged Cross-bills on the Magdalen Islands in July, at which time 

 the males were singing a singular, disconnected song. In general habits, -however, this 

 species resembles the Red Crossbill, but is more northern in distribution, consequently 

 does not visit us as often; yet I once killed a specimen in Newtonville in June, 



COTURNICULUS HENSLOVI. 



Henslow's Bunting. 

 Coturniculus Benslovi Hon., List.; 1838. 



SP. Cn. Form, slender. Size, small. COLOR. Adult. Above, yellowish-brown tinged with greenish with the feath- 

 ers showing darker centers and edged on scapularies and tail with chestnut-red. Crown, with two spotted brown hands 

 which continue to hack. Buffj-ycllow beneath. Two narrow maxillary lines, a spot on sides of head, streaks on breast 

 and sides, dark-brown. Edge of wing, yellow. Nestlinys. Generally similar but paler, with no chestnut above nor are 

 there any streaks on breast. 



Observations. See page 137 for comparison with nearest ally. Breeds from Massachusetts, westward; winters south 

 of our limits. DIMENSIONS. Length, 5'25; stretch, 7' 12; wing, 2~17; tail, 2' 15; bill, '48; tarsus, -70. 



HABITS. 



Ilenslow's Bunting is far from being common anywhere in our section, as it is exceed- 

 ingly local in distribution; and it is fond of grassy meadows, breeding in them. The song 

 is peculiar, consisting of two syllables, sounding like see-wick, the first being dwelt upon, 

 and the second given quickly, and both are uttered in a shrill, grasshopper-like tone. This 

 little Sparrow is retiring in habit and, if started from the tall grass to which it retreats 

 when alarmed, will rise quickly, fly with a very eccentric movement, a short distance, and 

 again seek concealment. 



EUSPIZA AMERICANA. 

 Black-throated Bunting. 

 F.itfpiza Americana Bon. List.; 1838. 

 SP. Cn. Form, slender. Size, medium. Tail feathers, acuminate. Above, yellowish-ash tinged with greenish and 



