GREY PLOVER 



CHAPTER I. 



EARLY EXPLORERS. 



John Wolley Unknown Breeding-Grounds Birds of Archangel and 

 Lapland Voyages to the Petchora in the Seventeenth Century 

 Schrenck's Visit in 1837 Castren's Visit in 1842 Keyserling's Visit 

 in 1843 Pelzam's Visit in 1874 Hoffmansegg's Visit about 1850 Outfit 

 Letters of Introduction. 



THE history of British birds has been enthusiastically 

 studied by ornithologists during the last half-century. In 

 spring and autumn several species of birds annually 

 visit our shores in considerable numbers, passing us in 

 their migrations to and from unknown breeding-grounds. 

 These migrations, and the geographical distribution of 

 birds, have of late years occupied a large share of the 

 attention of ornithologists. The name of John Wolley 

 stands pre-eminent amongst the discoverers in this de- 

 partment of science. His indefatigable labours in Lapland 



