42 2 The ''Oriental Sore'"' as observed in India. [part ti. 



the effect of the addition of re-agents, also, is purely negative for diagnostic purposes, 

 except in so far as to be amply sufficient to show that they have no cell wall 

 composed of cellulose or any material of a similar nature. 



2. — Uxamination of extirpated sores. 



As already observed, the sore is in most cases readily movable above the sub- 

 cutaneous tissue, and when extirpated, especially after the previous application of 

 a poultice for some hours, a considerable quantity of serous effusion may be found 

 to have accumulated around the base. A representation of the appearance of the 

 surface exposed by a vertical section of a sore removed in this manner will be found 

 in Plate XXVIII, Fig. 2. The specimen here delineated measured something less than 

 an inch in diameter at the base, and about a third of an inch in depth. It may, 

 however, be remarked that the vertical measurement was perceptibly increased after 

 the application of a poultice. 



The principal features manifested by a close examination of the section of a 

 recent but fully developed sore, with the naked eye and by means of a hand lens, 

 are the following (vide Plate XXVIII, Fig. 2) : 



Taking the tissues from above downwards, we observe (supposing, as in the 

 present instance, the sore not to have advanced to the condition of an extensive raw 

 surface) — (1) erosion and tenuity of the cuticle along the uppermost surface of the 

 sore, but a thickening of it on either side of this part, which thickening extends but 

 a short distance beyond the area, occupied by the diseased tissue ; (2) deepening of 

 the Malpighian layer, and enlargement of the papillae ; (3) pink strioe directed 

 vertically towards the uppermost part of the preparation, manifestly congested vessels 

 proceeding towards the papillae; (4) a line of glistening decussating fibres of con- 

 nective tissue of a slight bluish tint running parallel with the base of the sore and 

 about mid-distant between the surface and the base ; (5) the even line of the base 

 of- the preparation, showing its freedom from any organic connection with the 

 subjacent structures, other than the ordinary cellular tissue with its usual vascular 

 and nervous concomitants ; and (6) in some places along the base slightly mammillated 

 elevations projecting a little beyond the level of the base of the growth, directed 

 towards the normal tissue below the sore. 



In order to make this description and the anatomical details which follow more 

 readily comprehended, we direct attention for a moment to the accompanying illustra- 

 tion (Fig. 21) of a vertical section of normal skin. The structures therein depicted 

 have all been drawn to scale by means of a camera lucida ; and although the 

 illustration is based on three different hardened preparations made from consecutive 

 sections of a fragment of skin removed from midway between the ear and the eye, 

 nevertheless the relations of the parts to each other and the distance of the various 

 structures from the surface have been kept, so that the drawing may be compared 



