FEATURES AND WATER RIGHTS OF YUBA RIVER. 137 



gates bj' making ditches from 20 to 24 inches from each row of trees. He divides 

 his 8 inches of water so as to irrigate several rows at once, and lets it run until he 

 thinks these rows have had enough; then he turns it upon another group, and so on 

 until the whole orchard has been gone over. 



Ed. Katzenstein has 80 acres, 35 to 40 of which he irrigates with 5 inches of 

 water. The land is in deciduous fruits, 108 trees to the acre. Part of the trees are 

 planted in parallel rows, and the ditch runs along above them. The rest are planted 

 in squares, with the ditch on the upper side. 



W. R. Fountain has 80 acres, of which 55 to 60 are irrigated with 5 inches of 

 water. He thinks he requires 6 inches. The land is in deciduous fruit trees, planted 

 18 feet apart in squares. He irrigates bj' running a ditch along each row of trees, 

 and encircles each tree. Nearly all of Mr. Fountain's land has a steep slope; so he 

 turns a very small amount of water down each furrow and lets the water cut a deep 

 ditch. By doing this he gets a high duty, as the water does not wet the top of the 

 ground, but wets the ground near the roots, where the water is most needed, and 

 reduces loss by evaporation. 



Charles Carlson has 40 acres, which he irrigates with 6 inches of water. The 

 whole is m trees, planted 134 to the acre, except 1 acre of grapes. He uses a ditch 

 along each row of trees, with a half circle around each tree, and irrigates 40 rows at 

 a time, changing the water everj^ twenty-four hours. He gets over his 40 acres 

 every three or four days. Part of the orchard is in early fruits and part in late 

 fruits. 



COST OF RAISING OLIVES AND PEACHES. 



It may be interesting to add the cost of raising the two principal crops for which 

 the country in the vicinity of Auburn is noted. 



Cost of raising olives per acre. 



FIRST YEAR. 



Plowing and cross plowing $8. 00 



Harrowing and cross harrowing 3.00 



Eighty holes, at 10 cents 8. 00 



Eighty trees, at 25 cents 20. 00 



Planting 8.00 



Cultivation, twice, at $3 6. 00 



Making ditch 50 



Water, 1 inch to 10 acres 4. 50 



Labor of irrigation , 1-50 



59.50 



SECOND YEAR. 



Plowing and cross plowing $8.00 



Harrowing and cross harrowing 3. 00 



Cultivation 50 



Water, 1 inch to 10 acres 4. 50 



Labor of irrigation 1.50 



17.50 

 The orchard should be pruned every three to live years, at a cost of $10 per acre. 

 The seventh year olives commence to bear, and reach full bearing at ten or eleven 

 years. 



