8 FATS, OILS, AND WAXES 



Ci^Hg^COOCH., 



C17H33COOCH 



CnH^sCOOCH, 



forms an important constituent of most vegetable and animal 

 oils, 



2. Acids of the LiNOLic series. 



General formula CnH2n_402. 



(a) Open chain compounds, CjgH^gOj Linolic acid and its various isomers. 



(b) Cyclic compounds, Cj^H^gO.j Hydnocarpic acid. 



CjuH-j^Oo Chaulmoogric acid. 



3. Acids of the LiNOLENiC series. 



General formula CnH2n_c02. 



CjgH.jyOo Linolenic acid and its isomers. 



4. Acids of the Clupanodonic series. 



General formula CnH2n-s02- 



CjsHggOg Clupanodonic acid. 



5. Acids of the RiCiNOLEic series. 



General formula CnHgn-aOg. 



Ci^Hg^O^ Ricinoleic acid and its isomers. 



The relationship between the five series of acids, which 

 differ from each other successively by two atoms of hydrogen, 

 as shown by the formulae — 



CnH2„0.3, CnH^n-oOa, CnHan-.O^, CnH^n-BOa, and CnH„„_sOo 



is similar to that subsisting between the three series of hydro- 

 carbons having the general formulae : — 



The hydrocarbons of the first or Paraffin series are .said to be 

 saturated, by which is meant that each of the four valencies of 

 their carbon atoms are fully satisfied, as shown by the follow- 

 ing graphic formulae : — 



H H H H H 



II III 



H— C— C-H H_c— C— C— IT 



II III 



H H H H H 



Ethane C2Hy Propane C.,H(j 



