8 FATS, OILS, AND WAXES 



C17H33COOCH, 



CivHggCOOCH 



C17H33COOCH, 



forms an important constituent of most vegetable and animal 

 oils. 



2. Acids of the LiNOLiC series. 



General formula CnHgn-iOg. 



(a) Open chain compounds, CigHgjOj Linolic acid and its various isomers. 



(b) Cyclic compounds, CjgH.^gO.j Hydnocarpic acid. 



C18H32O2 Chaulmoogric acid. 



3. Acids of the LiNOLENIC series. 



General formula CnHgn-eOs. 



CjgHaoOg Linolenic acid and its isomers. 



4. Acids of the Clupanodonic series. 



General formula CnH2n_802. 



CigHagOg Clupanodonic acid. 



5. Acids of the RiCINOLEIC series. 



CjgHjjOj Ricinoleic acid and its isomers. 



The relationship between the five series of acids, which 

 differ from each other successively by two atoms of hydrogen, 

 as shown by the formulas — 



CnHjnOj, CnHjn-oOa, CnHan-^Oj, CnHgn-gOa, and CnHan-sOo 



is similar to that subsisting between the three series of hydro- 

 carbons having the general formulae : — 



The hydrocarbons of the first or Paraffin series are said to be 

 saturated, by which is meant that each of the four valencies of 

 their carbon atoms are fully satisfied, as shown by the follow- 

 ing graphic formulae : — 



H H H H H 



H— C— C-H H— C— C— C— H 



II III 



H H H H H 



Ethane CgHg Propane CgH, 



