360 



CIVIC BIOLOGY 



prepare a five-minute story to tell to the class. By timing 

 these stories so that they follow in orderly sequence we may 

 have the history of our science presented in an effective 

 way. The aim is to kindle and foster the spirit of these men, 

 so that increase in knowledge and progress in discovery may 

 he assured from generation to generation. A number of names 

 have been included for sake of completeness. The more im- 

 portant and those especially interesting on account of their 

 contributions to civic biology are printed in black-faced type. 1 



1551 Gesner: gathered first botani- 



B.C. 



540 Xenophanes : first to recog- 

 nize fossils as proving that 

 the earth was formed under 

 the sea and rose out of it 



500 Heraclitus: often called the 

 first evolutionist ; he first 

 advanced the principle, irdv- 

 TO. pet (all things flow) 



450 Empedocles : first to suggest 

 natural selection and sur- 

 vival of the fittest 

 400 Hippocrates: called "the Father 



of Medicine" 

 --350 Aristotle: founder of zoology 



320 Theophrastus : first botanist 



320 Erasistratusl 



, ., ^ first anatomists 

 300 Herophilus J 



A.D. 



-. 79 

 160 



^-1542 

 1548 



Pliny : wrote first popular nat- 

 ural history 



Galen : founded medical physi- 

 ology 



Vesalius: founder of modern 

 anatomy 



Falloppio : anatomist 



cal garden (of fruits and 

 flowers) and first zoological 

 museum 



1560 Eustachio : anatomist 



1583 Csesalpinus: classified plants 

 by flowers 



1 590 Janssen, J. and Z . : discovered 

 compound microscope 



1603 Fabricius: discovered valves 



in the veins 



v 1603 Harvey : discovered circulation 

 of the blood 



1622 Ascello: discovered the lac- 

 teals 



1649 Kudbeck: discovered the lym- 



phatics 



1650 Swammerdam: first great stu- 



dent of insects in relation 

 to plants and medicine 

 1661 Malpighi: discovered the capil- 

 laries in the lungs ; founded 

 modern embryology by a 

 study of the incubation of 

 the chick (1672) 



N 1667 Leeuwenhoek: first to see bac- 

 teria 



V 1 Historical books to which the class should have access for this work 

 are Locy, Biology and its Makers, New York, 1908 ; Baas, Outlines of the 

 History of Medicine (translated by Handerson), New York, 1889 ; Mial, 

 History of Biology, New York and London, 1911. 



