376 



CIVIC BIOLOGY 



Puerperal fever, 234 

 Puffballs, 189, 191, 203, 206 

 Pulmonary tuberculosis, 249 

 Purple beech, 83 

 Purple cornflower, 73 

 Purple finch, 49 

 Purple martin, 49 

 Purslane, 69, 70 



Quack grass, 72 



Rabbit, 169, 261 



Rabid dogs, 110 



Rabies, 248, 256 



Ragweed, 70 



Railroad worm, 156 



Rainbow trout, 309 



Raspberry, 94 



Rat snake, 326 



Rats, 30, 34, 44, 245, 267, 332; 



damage from, 2, 174, 175, 176; 



extermination of, 3, 177-184; 



fecundity of, 2, 173; poisoning 



of, 179, 180, 181 ; problem of, 



173-185; trapping of, 177, 178, 



179, 182, 184, 185 

 Rattlebox, 76 



Rattlesnake, 253, 322, 327, 328 

 Red ant, 155 

 Red buckeye, 75 

 Red cedar, 59 

 Red gum, 59 

 Red mite, 129 

 Red pepper, 73 

 Red pine, 59 

 Red spider, 163, 164 

 Red-backed salamander, 316 

 Red-eyed vireo, 50 

 Red-headed woodpecker, 46 

 Red-humped apple-tree caterpillar, 



156 



Red-legged locust, 156 

 Red-shouldered hawk, 44, 45 



Redstart, 50 

 Red-tailed hawk, 45 

 Red-winged blackbird, 48 

 Reptiles, 321-329 ; products of, 321, 



323 



Rheumatism, 233, 234. 236 

 Rhinitis, 234, 235 

 Rhizopus, 198 

 Rhododendron, 76 

 Roaches, 245. See also Cockroaches 

 Robin, 51 

 Rock bass, 306 

 Rock pine, 59 

 Rocky Mountain spotted-fever tick, 



167 



Rodents, 326 

 Root gall, 212 

 Root knot, 265 

 Root rot, 211, 212 

 Root tubercles, 188 

 Rosa rugosa, 89, 97 

 Rose, 86, 94, 97 

 Rose chafer, 156 

 Rose slug, 157 

 Rose-breasted grosbeak, 49 

 Round-headed apple-tree borer, 155 

 Roundworms, 264, 265, 266 

 Ruby-crowned kinglet, 51 

 Ruby-throated humming bird, 47 

 Ruffed grouse, 41, 42, 52, 53 

 Rum cherry, 75 

 Rust, 186, 207, 210, 212 



Sable, 171 



Saccharomycetes, 191 

 Salamanders, 313, 316, 319, 320, 325 ; 



enemies of mosquitoes, 131 

 Salmon, 309, 310, 311 

 San JosS scale, 20, 69, 152, 156, 158, 



332 ; fecundity of, 18 

 Sand flies, 113 

 Saprolegnia, 305 

 Saprophytic bacteria, 221 



