2 9 



The female usually lays from thirty to fifty eggs though Dr. 

 Howard has recorded seventy-five. The eggs are laid in the fall 

 and hatch in the latter part of May or early in June in the northern 

 part of the United States, while in the latitude of Washington, D. 

 C., Dr. Howard has found them hatching " quite uniformly " about 

 the middle of May. There is only one generation in the northern 

 part of the country, though it is probable that farther south, two or 

 perhaps three occur. Walsh found that in Illinois the eggs are not 

 laid " until about the end of September or sometimes in October." 



Usually the species confines its attacks to the twigs of the tree 

 though occasionally it spreads to the leaves also. Specimen twigs 

 of Japanese quince from the Department of Agriculture bear both 

 male and female scales on the leaves. Mr. Kirkland also called my 

 attention to the same peculiarity. 



There seems to be a very general tendency among the Diaspinae 

 to secrete the scale underneath the epidermis of the bark or leaves 

 of the host-plant whenever it is possible. While this overlying 

 epidermis is usually readily seen with the naked eye, it is sometimes 

 so obscure that it can be seen only by means of a hand lens or 

 compound microscope. It sometimes happens that this overlying 

 foreign matter gives a species a very different appearance when on 

 different food plants, and this difference in appearance has led some 

 authors to establish new varieties. Howardia biclavis detecta was 

 founded on the absence of the overlying epidermis on the female 

 scale while it is present in typical biclavis, Mr. Geo. B. King who 

 has kindly sent me some very desirable scale insects, quite recently 

 established the variety Chionaspis furfurus fulvus taken on Rhamnus 

 catharticus, because of the unusual color of the overlying epidermis. 

 It does not seem advisable in any case to give new names to scale 

 insects because of a difference of appearance due entirely to foreign 

 matter. 



A parasite, Alberus disiocampae (Ashmead), has been bred by Dr. 

 Howard from this insect. Saunders observed a mite, Tyroglyphus 

 mains and Gillette a Coccinellid beetle, Hyperaspidius sp. also feed- 

 ing on the species. Various authors have recorded Chilocorus 

 bivulnerus as predaceous upon it. The natural enemies of C.fur- 

 fura, particularly C. bivulnerus hold this insect in check so that 

 remedial measures are rarelv necessarv. 



