SCALE OF MALE. Plate 2, Fig. 4 A. Length, i i.i mm. Slightly 

 broadened posteriorly, smooth in texture, tri-carinate. Exuvia pale 

 yellow or colorless, occupying about one-third the length of the 

 scale. 



MALE*. Length of body including style .3 mm.; length of style 

 .2 mm. Uniformly pale red. Eyes black. Antennae as long as the 

 body, ten-jointed ; first two joints short and thick, the others longer, 

 subequal except for the tenth which is shorter. Wings large, longer 

 than the body. Antennae and legs bristly. 



REMARKS. 



This species is a native of this country. It has been recorded 

 from Maine, New York, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Michi- 

 gan, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, Florida, Colorado and 

 California. There are also specimens in the Department of Agri- 

 culture from Ohio and Washington Territory. It is a very common 

 species in Massachusetts and has also been sent me from Toronto, 

 Ont, Canada. Though the species usually exists in comparatively 

 harmless numbers, it occasionally becomes abundant enough to be 

 very destructive. The fact that it produces two broods tends natu- 

 rally to make it injurious. Trees on which it has become very 

 abundant have a distinct whitish appearance at a distance, as if 

 sprinkled with snow. Such trees are sometimes said to be affected 

 by " white malady." I have in many cases received leaves of pine 

 and spruce almost completely covered by this species and Dr. Lint- 

 ner has seen hundreds on a single leaf of Pinus austriaca in Wash- 

 ington Park, Albany, N. Y. He states that a number of these trees 

 were nearly killed by this scale insect. 



The insect confines itself to coniferous trees and has been 

 recorded by various authors on Pinus strobus, P. resinosa, P. excelsa, 

 P. mitis, P. cembra, P. pyrenaica, P. laricis, P. sylvestris, P. austriaca 

 and P. pumilio. The Department of Agriculture contains examples 

 on Pseudotsuga taxifolia and Abies excelsa and I have received speci- 

 mens' on Abies nigra from Canada and Abies alba from Massachusetts. 



In the northern part of the United States the insect is two-brooded 

 and passes the winter in the egg stage, twenty to seventy eggs being 



*In the preparation of the description of this sex I have had for examination numerous 

 dead and shrivelled specimens stuck to paper points. The color is that given by Walsh. 



