322 (Toffee Culture on tbe Soutbern (Toast of Gbiapas, 



however, that a vacant space almost always remains around the root, 

 where the water gathers, sometimes causing the roots to decay. The 

 roots are also more likely to deteriorate with this system than with the 

 other. 



b. Disadvantages of Transplanting with the Roots Bare. When the 

 planting is done with the roots bare, the plant suffers greatly from the 

 disturbance caused by transplanting, and a year generally elapses be- 

 fore it returns to the condition in which it was when transplanted. 



It is evident, therefore, that if the plant is put back a year by 

 transplanting, this year might have been better spent in the nursery 

 than in the plantation, for the reason that it would cost less to keep 

 the ground free from weeds in the former case than in the latter, and 

 that at the end of the year transplanting might be done with the earth 

 attached to the roots. 



Many planters, with the object of saving the year and a half or two 

 years which the young plant would spend in the nursery, form their 

 plantations with wild plants or plants taken from a nursery already 

 formed, the planting being done with the roots bare, the distance of the 

 place from which they are taken admitting of no other manner. This 

 is a false economy of time, for in order to save a few months of care 

 of the nursery, the whole year which the plants thus transplanted are 

 put back is lost, and the heavy expense is incurred of from four to six 

 weedings of the whole plantation. 



c. Case in which Transplanting should be done with the Roots Bare. 

 The only case in which trees should be planted with the roots bare is 

 when, from the distance between the place where they have been grown 

 and the plantation, it would be difficult if not impossible to transport 

 them to it with the earth attached to the roots. 



D. Transplanting in Slips. When the young plants for the planta- 

 tion are taken neither from the nursery nor from an abandoned plan- 

 tation, but from trees already grown, it is said that the plantation is 

 formed from slips. The trunk is generally cut off eight or ten inches 

 above the root, in order that it may grow more vigorously. This kind 

 of planting is always done with the roots bare. 



Transplanting in slips is the least advisable way of all, and should 

 never be adopted except when there is no other way of forming the 

 plantation. In some cases, however, it has given good results. 



E. Transplanting in Ceylon. Transplanting coffee plants in Ceylon 

 is performed, according to Mr. Sabonadiere, in the following manner: 

 The young plants grown in the nursery are pulled up with the hand; 

 those that have crooked roots are thrown away as useless ; with a sharp 

 knife the flexible part of the tap root is cut off; and the lateral roots 

 are also shortened, as they are generally very long, and this trimming 

 prevents them from becoming tangled in the transplanting, which 



