DIFFEKENT KINDS OF MANURE. 309 



but much poorer in nitrogen and potash thau the urine from 

 horses, cows, sheep, and swine." 



" Some years ago," said tlie Deacon, " Mr. H. E. Hooker, of Roch- 

 ester, used to draw considerable quantities of urine from the city 

 to his farm. It would pay better to draw out the urine from farm 

 animals." 



" The figures given above," said I, " showing the composition of 

 human excrements, arc from Prof. WoltT, and probably are gener- 

 ally correct. But, of course, the composition of the excrements 

 would vary grealh', according to the food." 



It has been ascertained by Lawes and Gilbert that the amount of 

 matter voided by an adult male in the course of a year is— faeces, 

 95 lbs.; urine, 1,049 lbs.; total liquid and solid excrements in the 

 pure state, 1,144 lbs. These contain : 



Dry substance — faeces, 231 lbs.: urine, 34i ; total, 58i lbs. 

 Mineral matter— fteccs, 2i llis.; urine, 12 ; total, 144 lbs. 

 Carbon— faices, 10 lbs.; urine, 12 ; total 22 lbs 

 Nitrogen— faeces, 1.2 lbs.; urine, 10.8; total, 12 lbs. 

 Phosphoric acid— fipccs, 0.7 lbs.; urine, 1.93 ; total, 2.G3 lbs. 

 PoUsh— fu-ces, 0.24 lbs.; mine, 2.01; total, 2.25 lbs. 



The amount of potash is given by Prof. E. WollF, not by Lawes 

 and Gilbert. 



The mixed solid and liquid excrements, in the condition they 

 leave the body, contain about 95 per cent of water. It would re- 

 quire, therefore, 20 tons of fresh mixed excrements, to make one 

 ton of dry nightsoil, or the entire amount voided by a mixed family 

 of 43 persons in a year. 



One hundred lbs. ot fresh faeces contain 75 lbs. of water, and 25 

 lbs. of dry substance. 



One hundred lbs. of fresh urine contain 96J lbs. of water, and 

 3i lbs. of dry substance. 



One hundred lbs. of the dry substance of the faeces contain 5 lbs. 

 of nitrogen, and 5i lbs. of phosphates. 



One hundred lbs. of the dry substance of the urine contain 27 

 '^s. of nitrogen, and lOf lbs. of phosphates. 



These figures are from Lawes and Gilbert, and may be taken as 

 representing the composition of excrements from moderately well- 

 fed persons. 



According to Wolflf, a ton of fresh human urine contains 12 lbs. 

 of nitrogen. According to Lawes and Gilbert, 18 lbs. 



The liquid carted from the city by Mr. Hooker was from well-fed 

 adult males, and would doubtless be fully equal to the figures given 

 bv Lawes and Gilbert. If we call the nitrogen worth 20 cents a lb., 



