APPENDIX. 347 



Average amount shipited via L. I. K. 11. tiO.OOO tubs. 

 Price of manure per tub delivered on cars or vessel. 80 cents. 

 Average amount i>ut on car. 40 tubs. 



Statistics of Ash Trade. — Time wlien aslica are delivered. From 

 middle of June to middle of October. 



Places from which they are mostly shipped. Montreal, Belleville, aud 

 Toronto (Canada). 



Method of transportation. Canal boats. 

 Average load \^er boat. About .S,0<)0 bushels. 

 Average amount annually sold. 36(),000 bushels. 

 Average cost delivered to farmers. 201 cents per bushel. 



JV/' Acre, about. 



Amount used iiy farmers for potatoes 00 tuba. 



" " " " " cabbage (late). ... 50 " 

 " " <' " " corn I'i " 



Amount of guano used on Long Island, as rcf resented by the hooki 

 of Chapman & Vauwyck, and their estimate of sales by other firms, 

 5,000 tons. 



The fertilizers used on the Island are housht almost exclusively by 

 market gardeners or farmers, who do a little market gardening, as it is 

 the general conviction that ordinary farm-crops will not give a compen- 

 sating return for their applieatiun. Most market gardeners keep so 

 little stock that tlie manure made on the place is very inconsiderable. 

 Our dairy farmers either compost home-made manures with that from 

 the city, spread it on the land for corn in the spring, or rot it separate, 

 to use in the fall for wlieat, on land that has been cropped with oats the 

 same year. The manure put on for potatoes is generally estimated to 

 enrich the land sufficient for it to produce one crop of winter grain, and 

 from five to seven crojis of grass, when it is again plowed and cultivated 

 in rotation witli, first, corn, second, potatoes or oats, and is rcseeded in 

 autunm of the same year. 



Fish and fish guano are laruely used on land bordering the water, and 

 adjacent to the oil-works. The average price for guano in bulk at oil- 

 works is $\'2 per ton. The average price for fish en wharf i.s .^1..50 per 

 thousand, and it is estimated that, as a general average, 6,000 fish make 

 a ton of guano. The fish, when applied to corn, are placed two at each 

 hill, and plowed under at any time after the corn is large enough to cul- 

 tivate. Seaweed is highly prized by all who use it, and it will produce 

 a good crop of com when spread thickly on the land previous to plowing. 



Very respectfully, J. II. Rusiimore. 



LETTER FROM JOHN E. BACKUS. 



Newtown, Long Island, N. Y., March 2nd, 1876. 



Jdr. 6. IT. liusTimore : 



Dear Sir. — Some farmers and market-gardeners use more, and some 

 less, manure, according to crops to be raised. I use about 30 good two- 

 horse wagon-loai.s to the acre, to be applied in rows or broad-casted, as 

 best for certain crops. I prefer old horse-dung for most all purposes. 



