AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 13 



class (marksmen) are made in each case by the battalion 

 commander on the recommendation of the company com- 

 mander, as soon as the soldier has made the required scores. 

 Marksmen receive badges of distinction, and may be excused 

 from certain duties, such as room orderly, etc. For men 

 called out for eight weeks' training, for furloughed men, and 

 reservists, special courses of instruction are prescribed. The 

 marksman's badge is a line of red worsted, with red-worsted 

 ball tassels, worn on the left sleeve of the tunic. 



RANGES, MARKING, SCORING, ETC. 



Ranges are established at convenient points and are arranged 

 according to prescribed directions in official manuals for the 

 different kinds of shooting — known-distance, long-range, and 

 field firing. The range practice is managed by the company 

 commander. 



The service of marking is done by trained men under the 

 direction of an officer, who before the practice inspects all the 

 arrangements, and sees that everything is in order; he regu- 

 lates the details of the service. 



Hits in the oval on the school target are signaled by placing 

 a red disk over the shot hole; in the center band outside the 

 oval by a black disk ; in the side bands of the school target 

 and in figure targets by a white disk. Ricochets on the school 

 targets are signaled by waving the white disk; on figure 

 targets that are raised and lowered from covers, by exposing 

 the uncolored back of the target. 



Intentional false marking is severely punished. 



Communication between the targets and firing points is 

 maintained by a system of electro-magnetic bell signals for 

 showing when fire is to begin or cease, calling for repeated 

 marking of shots, etc. The table of signals is posted up at 

 firing points and targets. Where the system is not installed 

 trumpet signals may be used. When a hit is made on a fixed 

 target, a danger flag (red) is immediately displayed at the 

 butt and the markers leave the cover, find, paste up, and 

 signal the hit, and return to the cover, withdrawing the dan- 

 ger flag. When the firing is to be interrupted the danger 

 flag is displayed, but men must not leave the cover until the 

 signal "rest" is heard from the firing stand. With targets 

 that may be withdrawn behind cover, the red disk is shown 

 when fire is to be interrupted; for marking, the target is 



