AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 217 



below the remount price. No objection against the appraised 

 price is allowed. Those horses are first taken which receive 

 the lowest appraisement. The appraised prices are paid at 

 once. As a rule persons owning more than one horse are not 

 required to furnish more than about one-half their number 

 of horses. If the number of horses is not sufficient for this 

 method to be emj)loyed, some other method is adopted, all 

 horse owners being treated impartially as far as possible. 

 As soon as a mobilization is ordered trained service horses 

 are no longer furnished to officers; they can then get only the 

 horses furnished by the country, that is, untrained horses. 

 Officers, therefore, during a campaign can depend for trained 

 horses only upon those they have already acquired in time of 

 peace. The number of horses required upon mobilization is 

 about as follows : cavalry, 91,350; artillery, 87,440; infantry, 

 25,150; train, pioneers, and other arms, 47,000; total, 250,940. 

 The numberof additional horses required is, therefore, 175,000. 



The administration of the studs of Austria-Hungary may 

 be said to be a military one. The officers and men of the 

 stables have a military organization. While the personnel 

 is amenable to the minister of war and to the commanders 

 of the organizations, it is paid, as provided by the budget, 

 by the ministers of agriculture of Austria and of Hungary. 

 The ministers of agriculture have the direction of the studs in 

 the corresponding parts of the monarchy. 



There are two kinds of establishments : First, breeding- 

 establishments where the state produces and raises horses; 

 second, stallion depots. The officers at these establishments 

 belong to a special corps, which has two divisions, one for 

 Austria and the other for Hungary. This corps of officers is 

 recruited from the officers of the cavalry and of the train who 

 have served three years in a body of troops, and who have 

 also shown special aptitude. To verify this aptitude, the 

 officers must pass an examination before a board under the 

 presidency of the inspector of the Austrian or Hungarian 

 studs, at the veterinary institute of Vienna or of Budapest. 

 The examination is both theoretical and practical, and bears 

 upon the knowledge of the horse, its anatomy, and the raising, 

 riding, and driving of horses. The examination is followed, 

 by a period of six months of probation before the officer is 

 definitely admitted. Exceptionally, the cadets acting as 

 officers of cavalry and of the train can be admitted, after one 



