238 REMOUNT SYSTEMS OF Ji'OREIGN ARMIES. 



These last figures are known as the "budgetary effective" 

 of horses, because on this basis money for the remount is 

 furnished in sufficient sum to replace each year one-seventh 

 the number of officers' horses (subalterns) and one-eighth the 

 number of troop horses. The general and field officers have 

 to provide their own mounts, and the gendarmes and the 

 republican guard are mounted from condemned cavalry 

 horses. 



The tables which follow show : 



The budgetary effective (that is, public animals in service) 

 for 1902 and the number to be bought in 1902; 



The same items for each branch of the service, for the staffs, 

 schools, etc. ; 



The average prices allowed this year for the several cate- 

 gories of animals. 



The various items are given separately for officei's' horses 

 and troopers' horses, and again, for those intended for service 

 in Algeria and Tunis. 



Each year are replaced one-eighth the number of horses 

 for troops, one-seventh for officers, and one-eleventh of the 

 .stallions and brood mares ; that is, each year there are con- 

 demned 14 per cent of officers' horses, 12 per cent of troop 

 horses, and 9 per cent of stallions and brood mares. In other 

 words, for troop horses (saddle and draft mules and horses) 

 the average length of service is considered to be eight years, 

 for officers' horses, seven years, and for breeding horses eleven 

 years. The condemnation and replacement for all arms is 

 effected on that basis. 



The number of horses and mules for the various services 

 bought in the last ten years has not greatly varied, so that 

 the tables represent not only the figures for this year, but 

 also a fair average for other years. 



In examining the item "horses for infantry, officers," it is 

 to be remembered that all infantry captains are mounted. 



There are about 4,000 mules used in the army for all 

 purposes. 



The officers' horses with which these tables deal are tlie 

 horses of subalterns; generals and field officers buy (usually 

 from the state, as explained later on) their own horses; hence 

 the appro'priation for these horses is not expended, but only 

 advanced. To this end about 1,000,000 francs are annually 

 made available, but this amount eventually returns to the 

 treasury. 



