280 REMOUNT SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN ARMIES. 



sj)ecial conditions in the vicinity of the garrisons. If, in 

 going to drill, the squadron is obliged to traverse a consider- 

 able part of the city, the front feet are shod. If on the con- 

 trary the ground in the neighborhood is not too hard, the 

 horses are left entirely unshod until the fall maneuvers. For 

 these maneuvers the horses are shod all around, as it is diffi- 

 cult to foresee what kind of ground may be encountered. 

 But in exceptional cases, where it is known that they will be 

 used only on soft ground, economy is preserved by shoeing 

 only the fore feet. In the cities the cavalry never furnishes 

 mounted patrols or mounted orderlies. All this service is 

 done by soldiers on foot. This permits doing without shoe- 

 ing the greater part of the year, thereby incidentally saving 

 a part of the fund allowed for shoeing. There is, neverthe- 

 less, always in the storehouse a large supply of shoes, enough 

 not only for shoeing the squadron horses all around, at the 

 moment of mobilization, but also for a reserve supply to take 

 along. 



Until recently no vaccination of any kind was prescribed 

 for military horses. In the last few years, trials have been 

 made to guard by vaccination against influenza, that is, to 

 protect the healthy horses by vaccination before the infec- 

 tion. The vaccine used for this purpose consists of the lymph 

 of such horses as have recovered from the disease. The re- 

 sults of these trials have not been sufficiently satisfactory to 

 lead to a general adoption of such vaccinations. 



During winter horses are groomed three times a day. 



When the horses are brought from the depots to their regi- 

 ments and organizations, they are trained for one year before 

 being placed in the ranks, after which they are trained 

 another year in the ranks before their education is regarded 

 as completed. 



When horses are discharged from the cavalry, they are put 

 in the train, if adjudged suitable for the purpose. 



The mounted organizations of the army have some other 

 horses which are known as "Kriimper" horses. These are 

 maintained in excess of the regulation effectives, and rations 

 may not be drawn for them. They are fed on the savings of 

 the whole. The number of Kriimper horses is fixed by regu- 

 lations at 3 or 4 per squadron, 2 to 5 per battery or train com- 

 pany, 6 at the most for tlie officers' riding institute, or not 

 over 4 for the noncommissioned officers' riding institute. 



