FUNERAL CUSTOMS OF KATINGANS 365 



a good watchman to guard the sacrifice, whether it be a 

 water-buffalo or other animal. The pantar itself sim- 

 ply means "in memoriam," as if enjoining: "Don't for- 

 get this man!" These primitive monuments sometimes 

 last over a hundred years, and more than one may be 

 raised for the same man. Should it prove impossible 

 to secure a water-buffalo, an ordinary cow may serve as 

 sacrifice. The family thereby presents the animal's 

 liao (soul) to the liao of the deceased, and the blian by 

 dancing and sacrifice calls the latter to come and eat. 

 Not only this, but the liao of every animal, bird, and fish 

 which the family eats from the time of his death until 

 the tiwah feast is given to him. Account is kept by in- 

 cised cross-cuts on certain posts, notifying him of the 

 number. I was told that when a raja died similar marks 

 of account were made on a slave. The jaws of pigs or 

 other animals, hanging by scores in the houses, together 

 with heads of fish and legs of birds, are similar accounts 

 for the same purpose, and all close with the tiwah feast. 



A kapatong must be made, or, if the deceased were 

 rich, perhaps two or three, which are inaugurated by the 

 blian in the usual way, to be the ghost's attendants and 

 guardians. The remaining duties to be performed are 

 the making of a box or coffin for the bones to rest in, and 

 the house in which it is to be deposited, either above or 

 under the ground as may be decided. These tasks ac- 

 complished, no further responsibility devolves upon the 

 widow or other members of the family. 



On my return journey I stopped a few hours at a 

 kampong in the vicinity to see some stones that, accord- 



