36 TURDID.E. 



common in Andalucia : in the winter months their numbers 

 are greatly augmented by migrants. 



Male. Black ; bill orange-yellow. 



Female. Brownish black or reddish brown ; bill brown. 

 Young. Like female, but more spotted ; the male with blackish bill. 

 Length 10 inches. 



6. Turdus torquatus, Linnaeus. The Ring-Ouzel. 



Spanish. Chirlo. 



" Is only met with in small nights on passage near Tangier, 

 crossing to Europe in March and April, and returning in the 

 autumn to pass the winter further south." Favier. 



I only observed the Ring-Ouzel near Gibraltar on passage 

 in the spring, the earliest dates in each year being the 8th of 

 April 1868, 20th of March 1870, 9th of April 1871, 12th of 

 March 1872, 28th of March 1874; but they are known to breed 

 in the mountains near Granada, and Mr. Saunders records a 

 nest near Colmenar. 



Male. Uniform brownish black, with wldte crescent on chest. 

 Female. Lighter ; crescent narrower, washed with brown. 

 Young. Spotted. Length 11 inches. 



7. Monticola cyanus (Linnaeus). The Blue Rock-Thrush. 



Moorish. Tchau-tchau zerak. Spanish. Solitario. 



Favier states that the Blue Rock-Thrush, which is as common 

 in suitable localities in Morocco as in Andalucia, is migratory, 

 passing north from February to May, and passing south from 

 August to September. I never could detect any migration 

 on the Spanish side, and consider it one of the very few birds 

 which are stationary, not even shifting their ground though, 

 perhaps, in other countries circumstances may cause them to 

 migrate. 



Abundantly distributed on all rocky ground, even on sea-cliffs, 

 and often seen on house-tops in those towns which lie in their 

 districts, they are always to be found at Gibraltar in unvarying 



